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Streptococcacae Flashcards

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1
Q

Types of Streptococcacae on Basis of Hemolysis

A

Alpha hemolysis
Beta hemolysis
Gamma hemolysis

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2
Q

Alpha hemolysis and color shown

A

Partial hemolysis
Green color

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3
Q

Alpha hemolysis include which organisms

A

V - S. Viridans
S. Pneumonia

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4
Q

Beta hemolysis and color shown

A

Complete hemolysis
Yellow color

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5
Q

Beta hemolysis is further classified on basis of

A

Lancefield Classification (C antigen)

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6
Q

Lancefield Classification

A

20 groups (A to V) - No I and J
Group A - S. Pyogenes
Group B - S. Agalactaie

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7
Q

Capsule of S. Pyogenes is made up of

A

Hyaluronic acid - cross react with synovial joints

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8
Q

Virulence factor of S pyogenes associated with cell wall

A

C antigen

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9
Q

Virulence factor of S pyogenes associated with outer membrane protein

A

M Protein - Similar to glycoproteins (Molecular mimicry)

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10
Q

Enzymes and toxins released by S pyogenes

A

Streptokinase - causes Fibrinolysis
Hyaluronidase - break Connective tissue
DNAase A, B, C ,D - DNAse B(M/I)
Hemolysin / Streptolysin
Streptococcal Pyrogenic exotoxin (SPE)
Serum opacity factor (SOF)

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11
Q

Types of Streptolysin/Hemolysin

A

Streptolysin -O
Streptolysin -S

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12
Q

Effect of O2 and heat on SL-O and SL-S

A

SL-O - Labile
SL-S - Stable

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13
Q

Which is antigenic - SL-O or SL-S

A

SL-O

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14
Q

Functions of SL-O and SL-S

A

SL-O - lethal, Cardiotoxic, Leucocidal
SL-S - Only Leucocidal

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15
Q

Hemolysis in SL-O and SL-S

A

SL-O - Deeper
SL-S : Surface

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16
Q

Types of Streptococcal Pyrogenic exotoxin (SPE)

A

A, B and C
A and C - Bacteriophage mediated
B - Chromosomal mediated

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17
Q

Streptococcal Pyrogenic exotoxin is associated with which diseases

A

Scarlet fever
Toxic Shock syndrome
Necrotizing Fascilitis

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18
Q

Suppurative Clinical features of Group A Streptococcal Infection

A

NIPPLES
N - Necrotizing Fascilitis
I - Impetigo
P - Pneumonia
P - Pharyngitis (Pain, Tender Cervical LN, No cough)
L - Lymphadenitis
E - Erysipelas
S - Streptococcal Toxic Shock syndrome, Scarlet fever

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19
Q

Erysipelas

A

Raised well demarcated, Painful red lesion (Superficial skin)

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20
Q

Clinical features of Scarlet fever

A

SCARLET fever
S - Sore throat
C - Circumoral Pallor
A - Antecubital fossa - Pastia line
R - Rash (Sandpaper)
L - Lymphadenopathy
E - Erythrogenic toxin (SPE)
T - Tongue (Strawberry)
Fever

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21
Q

Non suppurative Clinical features of Group A Streptococcal

A

PSGN
Rheumatic heart disease
PANDAS (Pediatric autoimmune Neuropsychiatric disorder associated with Streptococcus)

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22
Q

Transport media used for diagnosis of Group A Streptococcal

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A

Pike’s media

23
Q

Blood Agar finding for group A Streptococcal Infection

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A

Pin point colonies
Wide zone Hemolysis

24
Q

Selective media used for Diagnosis of group A Streptococcal

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A

PNF
CVBA (Crystal Violet blood agar);
On Liquid media - Granular turbidity

25
Biochemical test used for diagnosis of Group A Streptococcal
PYR test positive Bacitracin positive Catalase and Oxidase Negative
26
Treatment of Group A Streptococcal Infection
Penicillin Erythromycin in case of Resistance
27
Group B Hemolytic Streptococcal Infection is caused by
S. Agalactaie
28
Clinical features seen in Neonates (<1 week) associated with Group B streptococcus
i,iii,iv serotypes Meningitis Pneumonia Sepsis
29
Clinical features seen in older children (1 week - 3 months)
Serotype iii Pneumonia Endocarditis
30
Lab diagnosis of Group B Hemolytic streptococcus
GALA CAMP HIP HIP HURRAY GALA - Galactiae CAMP - CAMP +ve HIP HIP - Hippurate Hydrolysis +ve huRRay - Resistant to Bacitracin - Red/Orange pigment on Islam media
31
Arrangement of S. Viridans and S. Pneumoniae
S Viridans - Chains S Pneumonia - Lanceolate
32
S. Pneumonia difference with S. Viridans
S. Pneumonia is Bile Soluble, Optochin sensitive and show Inulin fermentation Whereas S. Viridans is Bile insoluble, Optochin resistant and Inulin fermentation is not seen
33
Streptococcus Viridans group includes
VIRAL MMS S. Mitis S. Mutans S. Sangeris S. Salivaris
34
S. Mutans is known for causing
Dental carries
35
S. Sangeris is known for causing
Late prosthetic valve endocarditis
36
Which organism have both Capsule and Slime layer
S. Salivaris
37
Virulence factors of S pneumoniae
Capsular polysaccharide
38
Shape of S. Pneumoniae
Lens/Lanceolate shape capsule +ve
39
S Pneumoniae shows which colonies
Carrom coin colonies - elevated periphery and Depressed centres
40
Carrom coin colonies are also termed as
Draughts Mann colony
41
Treatment of S Pneumoniae infection
Beta lactams If Resistance - 3rd gen Cephalosporins due to altered PBPs
42
Most common method of Resistance development in S pneumonia
Transformation
43
Clinical features shown by S pneumonia
Meningitis Otitis media Sinusitis Community acquired pneumonia
44
Most common cause of Meningitis across all age
Streptococcus pneumonia
45
Gamma hemolysis includes
Group D non enterococcal Enterococcus
46
Example of Group D non enterococcal
S. Gallolyticus
47
Example of Enterococcus
E. Faecalis E. Faecium
48
Prevention of Pneumococcus
Pneumovax Prevnar
49
Pneumovax vaccine
23 valent polysaccharide Given to >5 years (immunity) Not below 2 years
50
Prevnar
13 valent polysaccharide Below 2 years 2,4,6 month - 12 to 15 month booster
51
Clinical features of Enterococcus infection
UTI (Catheter Associated infection) Septicemia
52
Agar used for diagnosis of Enterococcus
Bile Esculin Agar - Black color
53
Enterococcus features
ENNNTER E- Spectacle shaped Gram +ve cocci N - Non motile N - Non sporing N - Nacl 6.5% T - Heat tolerant E - Bile Esculin agar R - PYR +ve
54
Treatment of Enterococcus
Penicillin If Resistance - Vancomycin If Resistance to Vancomycin - Linezolid

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