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Microbiology > Parasitology - Classification And Amoeba > Flashcards

Parasitology - Classification And Amoeba Flashcards

1
Q

Types of Amoeba

A

Intestinal
Free living

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2
Q

Examples of intestinal Amoeba

A

E. Histolytica
E. Coli

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3
Q

Examples of Free living Amoeba

A

Naegleria fowleri
Acanthamoeba

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4
Q

Example of Ciliated Parasites

A

Bolantidium Coli

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5
Q

Example of Flagellated Parasites

A

Intestine - Giardia lamblia
Genital - Trichomonas vaginalis
Blood and tissue - Leishmania, Trypanosoma

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6
Q

Examples of Sporozoan parasites

A

Malaria, Babesia
Toxoplasma, Coccidian parasites

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7
Q

Stages of Entamoeba histolytica

A

3 stages
Trophozoite
Pre-cyst
Cyst - Infective stage

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8
Q

Host in case of Entamoeba histolytica

A

Humans

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9
Q

Infective form in case of Entamoeba histolytica

A

Quadrinucleated cyst

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10
Q

Infective dose of Entamoeba histolytica

A

Small infectivity dose - less than 100 cysts

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11
Q

Entamoeba histolytica cysts can survive in

A

Chlorination of water

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12
Q

Mode of transmission of Entamoeba histolytica

A

Feco oral (MC)
Rarely homosexual

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13
Q

Which organisms needs Small infectivity dose

A

CHHOTA SMALL
C - Cryptosporidium
H - E. Histolytica
H - eHec
S - Shigella
Giardia lamblia

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14
Q

Virulence factor in case of Entamoeba histolytica

A

Gal/Gal NAC lectin antigen

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15
Q

Enzymes involved in Entamoeba histolytica

A

Metallo- collagenase
Neuraminidase

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16
Q

Life cycle of Entamoeba histolytica

A

Ingestion of mature cyst (Feco oral) - Excystation in Small intestine - Formation of 8 trophozoites - Encystation in large intestine - Cyst formation - Cysts nd trophozoites passed in feces - In environment cyst survives - again ingestion

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17
Q

Organs affected in Entamoeba histolytica

A

Intestine - Travellers diarrhea

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18
Q

Ulcer seen in intestine due to Entamoeba histolytica infection

A

Flask shaped ulcer - Inside flask - Trophozoites + which engulfed the RBCs (Erythrophagocytosis)

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19
Q

Clinical features of Entamoeba histolytica infection

A

Asymptomatic intraluminal amoebiasis (M/C)
Amoebic colitis - bloody diarrhea

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20
Q

Complications of Entamoeba infection

A

Appendicitis
Perforation
Peritonitis

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21
Q

Most common extraintestinal organ involved in Entamoeba infection

A

Liver - Right lobe (Post superior surface of liver) - leading to Amoebic liver abscess

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22
Q

Gross finding in case of Amoebic liver abscess

A

Anchory sauce appearance

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23
Q

Microscopic examination finding in Amoebic liver abscess

A

Trophozoites in pus

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24
Q

Ameboma/Amoebic granuloma involves which region

A

Chronic condition
Rectosigmoid region

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25
Q

Trogocytosis means

A

Attachment of Gal/Gal NAC Lectin - killing/Nibbling of cell

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26
Q

Sample taken for diagnosis of Entamoeba

A

2 stool samples (consecutive days) - intermittent shedding

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27
Q

Finding of stool samples in Entamoeba infection

A

Trophozoites in stool - Active disease
Only cyst in stool - Carrier state

28
Q

Trophozoites appearance in Entamoeba histolytica infection

A

Has pointed pseudopedia
Nucleus - 1 (central karysome) - Cart wheel nucleus
Shows Erythrophagocytosis

29
Q

Cyst seen in Entamoeba histolytica infection

A

Quadrinucleated cyst (1-4 nuclei)
Chromatid body/bar

30
Q

Composition and stain used to see Chromatid body/bar

A

Composition - Ribonucleoprotein
Stain - iron hematoxylin

31
Q

Cyst in E. Coli

A

Cyst - nuclei 1-8,
Thin Filamentous chromatoidal bar

32
Q

Trophozoites seen in E coli

A

Blunt pseudopodia
Nucleus - 1 (Eccentric karyosome)
No RBC engulfed

33
Q

Culture media used for diagnosis of Entamoeba infection

A

Polyxenic medium
Axenic culture medium

34
Q

Polyxenic medium used for diagnosis of Entamoeba

A

Supplemented with bacteria (low parasite load)
Nelson culture
Balamuth medium
Bocck and Dr Bohlar medium

35
Q

Axenic medium used for diagnosis of Entamoeba

A

Pure, no bacterial supplementation
Diamond medium

36
Q

Miscellaneous stool M/E finding in Entamoeba infection

A

Charco Leydeu crystal -
Composition - Galactin 10 from Eosinophils

37
Q

Treatment of Entamoeba infection

A

Metronidazole X 10 days
Followed by luminal amoebicide Paramomycin (for asymptomatic carrier)

38
Q

Different type of Entamoeba species are differentiated on basis of

A

PCR
Enzyme studies (Zymodene Studies)

39
Q

Free living Amoeba includes

A

Naegleria
Acanthamoeba
Balamuthia

40
Q

Human acquires Naegleria fowleri infection while

A

Swimming

41
Q

Naegleria fowleri entry site and causes which disease

A

Enters via cribriform plate - reaches brain - cause PAM(Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis)

42
Q

Trophozoites of Naegleria fowleri shows

A

Flagella

43
Q

Trophozoites in Acanthamoeba shows

A

Spinous Acanthopodia

44
Q

Disease caused by Acanthamoeba

A

Granulomatous Amoebic Meningoencephalitis (GAM)

45
Q

Most common Risk factor in case of Naegleria fowleri and Acanthamoeba

A

N. Fowleri - Swimming
Acanthamoeba - Immunodeficiency

46
Q

Infective forms of Naegleria fowleri and Acanthamoeba

A

N. Fowleri - Trophozoite Acanthamoeba - Trophozoite (spikes) and Cyst (wrinkled outer wall)

47
Q

Clinical course of Naegleria fowleri and Acanthamoeba infection

A

N. Fowleri - Acute (Fatal <5 days)
Acanthamoeba - chronic

48
Q

Spread of Naegleria fowleri and Acanthamoeba

A

N. Fowleri - Neural
Acanthamoeba - Blood

49
Q

Diagnosis of N. Fowleri

A

CSF - Trophozoite
Increased polymorphs

50
Q

Diagnosis of Acanthamoeba

A

On Brain Biopsy - Trophozoites and Cysts

51
Q

Culture used for Naegleria fowleri and Acanthamoeba

A

Non nutrient agar (NNA) with lawn culture of E coli

52
Q

Culture used for Naegleria fowleri

A

Non nutrient agar (NNA) with lawn culture of E coli

53
Q

Gold standard method of diagnosis for N. Fowleri and Acanthamoeba

A

NAAT

54
Q

Treatment of N. Fowleri infection

A

Amphotericin B

55
Q

Treatment of Acanthamoeba

A

Pentamidine + Azole + Sulfonamide + Flucytosine

56
Q

Balamuthia Mandullaris causes

A

Granulomatous Amoebic encephalitis (GAE)

57
Q

Infective form of Balamuthia Mandullaris

A

Trophozoites - fish shaped
Cyst - smooth

58
Q

Balamuthia Mandullaris can infect which type of patients

A

Can occur in both immunocompromised and Immunocompetent individuals

59
Q

Acanthamoeba can also cause which eye related complication

A

Contact lens keratitis

60
Q

Which is only Ciliated Parasite of humans

A

Balantidium coli

61
Q

Which is the largest protozoa invading human intestine

A

Balantidium coli

62
Q

Infective form for Balantidium coli

A

Cyst

63
Q

Nucleus in case of Balantidium coli

A

Both trophozoites and cyst have binucleated - macro and micronucleus

64
Q

Motility shown by Balantidium coli

A

Rotating motility

65
Q

Reservoir in case of Balantidium coli

A

Pig

66
Q

Treatment of Balantidium coli infection

A

Doxycycline

Microbiology (37 decks)

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