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Microbiology > RNA Virus - Myxovirus > Flashcards

RNA Virus - Myxovirus Flashcards

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1
Q

Myxovirus includes

A

Orthomyxovirus
Paramyxovirus

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2
Q

Members of Orthomyxovirus family

A

Influenza A, B and C

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3
Q

Members of Paramyxovirus family

A

M - Measles
M - Mumps
R - Respiratory Synctial virus
Parainfluenza
Nipah virus

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4
Q

Size and RNA form of Orthomyxovirus and Paramyxovirus

A

Orthomyxovirus - size : 110nm
RNA - Segmented
Paramyxovirus - Size : 150nm
RNA - unsegmented

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5
Q

Symmetry, RNA sense of Orthomyxovirus and Paramyxovirus

A

Both have helical symmetry
Both are enveloped
Both have Negative sense RNA

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6
Q

Types of Influenza viruses

A

Influenza A - 8
Influenza B - 8
Influenza C - 7

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7
Q

Structure seen on Influenza viruses

A

Hemagglutinin (HA)
Neuraminidase (NA)
M1 And M2 Protein

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8
Q

Hemagglutinin shape and attaches to

A

More in number
Triangular in shape
Attachment to Sialyl acid receptor (Resp. Epithelium, RBC)

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9
Q

Neuraminidase Shape and functions
AKA

A

Less in no.
Mushroom shaped
Helps in release of virus
AKA - Receptor destroying enzyme (RDE) or Sialidase

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10
Q

M1 protein function

A

Beneath envelope
Maintains structural integrity

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11
Q

M2 protein Features

A

Ion channel - H+ influx
Aid in uncoating of virus

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12
Q

Pathogenesis of Influenza viruses

A

Attachment of Hemagglutinin on Sialyc acid receptor - internalized by endocytosis - Uncoating (by M2 protein by causing H+ influx) - Then negative sense RNA is converted to Positive RNA sense with help of RNA Dependent RNA Polymerase - release of virus with the help of Neuraminidase

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13
Q

Group specific typing of Influenza viruses

A

1);Influenza virus A - Human and animals, Antigenic shift, Epidemic and Pandemic
2) Influenza virus B - Humans only, No antigenic shift, Seasonal flu
3) Influenza Virus C - Non pathogenic

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14
Q

Difference between antigenic shift and antigenic drift

A

1) Antigenic shift : Sudden change
Antigenic drift : Gradual change
2) Antigenic shifting : Exchange of RNA segments b/w Influenza A (Genetic reasortment)
Antigenic drift : Mutation in H and N
3) Antigenic shift : cause major epidemics and Pandemics
Antigenic drift - doesn’t cause
4) Antigenic shift - Seen in Influenza A
Antigenic drift - seen in Influenza A and B

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15
Q

Currently circulating strains of Influenza viruses

A

Type A/H1N1 : WHO declared in pandemic on 11th June 2009
Type A/H3N2
Type A/H5N1
Type B

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16
Q

Incubation period of Influenza viruses

A

18-72 hours

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17
Q

Clinical features of Influenza

A

Fever, headache
Sore throat
Myalgia
Runny nose is usually absent
Rarely GI Symptoms
Reye Syndrome AKA Jamshedpur fever

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18
Q

Complication and M/C Extrapulmonary symptom of Influence

A

Complication - Pneumonia
M/C extrapulmonary symptoms - Myalgia

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19
Q

Influenza samples are stored in which media

A

VTM (Viral transport media)

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20
Q

Isolation of Influenza is done on

A

Amniotic cavity of embryonated egg
Cell lines (1° Monkey kidney)

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21
Q

Antigen detection test for Influenza

A

Direct immunofluorescence

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22
Q

Antibody detection of Influenza

A

ELISA - 2 sample to be taken with gap of 2 weeks - 4 fold gap increase
Hemagglutination Inhibition test (HAI)

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23
Q

Hemagglutination Inhibition test Procedure

A

1) RBC - No reaction
2) RBC + virus (influenza) - Hemagglutination - Mat/Carpet Formation
3) RBCs + virus + Antibody (pt. Sample) - Antibody combines with Antigen - Hemagglutination Inhibition

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24
Q

Which tests are sensitive and specific for Influenza

A

RT PCR
Real Time PCR

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25
Neuraminidase inhibitors given by oral route
Tamiflu/Oseltamivir
26
Neuraminidase inhibitor given by Inhalation route
Zanamivir/Relenza
27
M2 Inhibitors used for Influenza A
Amantadine Rimantidine
28
Vaccines used against Influenza
Live Nasal spray - Inactivated vaccine - Given to healthcare professionals, two doses given annually
29
Live Nasal spray vaccine for Influenza indications and C/I
Trivalent vaccine - H1N1, H3N2 and Type B Indicated - 2-49 years of age C/I - if low immunity
30
Paramyxovirus features
Single Unsegmented RNA Hemagglutinin and Neuraminidase on same spike F Protein (Fusion protein)
31
Paramyxovirus includes
Measles Mumps Respiratory Synctial virus Parainfluenza Nipah virus
32
Measles also known as
Rubeola
33
Incubation period Measles, Mumps and Rubella
Measles - 10day (Children), 21 days(Adults) Mumps - 19day Rubella - 14day
34
Transmission of Measles virus
Inhalation of respiratory droplets
35
Period of communicability of Measles
4 days before and 4 days after rash
36
Immunity after Measles infection
Lifelong because of single serotype
37
Prodromal symptoms of Measles
3C Coryza Cough Conjunctivitis Fever
38
First manifestation of Measles infection
Fever (10th day)
39
Pathognomonic signs of Measles virus
Koplik spots (12th day)
40
Koplik spots features
White spots on erythematous base Seen near molars 2-3 days after fever
41
When rash appears in Measles and it's features
On 14th day Maculopapular rash Begins behind the ears then on face followed by trunk Fades thereafter in same order When rash appears, Fever and Koplik spots disappear
42
Complications of Measles
1) Sec bacterial infections - Otitis media, Bronchopulmonary pneumonia 2) CNS Manifestations 3) In pregnancy - Intrauterine Death 4) A/w diarrhea, Pneumonia
43
Type of Pneumonia caused due to measles and histological finding
Hecht's Pneumonia AKA Giant cell Pneumonia - Warthin Finkaldey giant cells
44
CNS Complications caused due to Measles
1) Post measles encephalitis - Antibody antigen myelin basic protein 2) SSPE (Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis) - occurs after 7-13 years - fatal after 1-3 years
45
Cell line recommended by CDC in case of Measles
Vero
46
Cytopathic effect seen in Measles infection
Warthin Finkaldey giant cells
47
Vaccines strains For Measles and S/E
Edmonston-Zegreb strain - used in India S/E - Mild measles like disease Toxic Shock Syndrome (contamination of vial with S. Aureus)
48
Commonly affected age group by Mumps virus
5-9 years age group
49
Incubation period and Period of communicability of Mumps infection
IP - 19 days Period : 1 week before and 1 week after symptoms
50
Most common clinical features of mumps
Inapparent - causes few or no signs or symptoms
51
Most common manifestation of Mumps
Bilateral Parotitis - pain increase on citrus juices
52
2nd most common manifestation in Mumps
Unilateral orchitis - doesn't lead to Sterility
53
Other clinical features of Mumps
Aseptic meningitis Oophoritis in females Pancreatitis
54
Mumps virus multiply in which organ
Multiply in lungs - spill in blood -Organs
55
Atypical mumps means
Directly meningitis without parotid involvement
56
Diagnosis of Mumps
Antigen Antibody - ELISA RT PCR Culture/cell lines
57
Recommended strain for Mumps vaccine
Jeryl Lynn strain
58
Vaccines for Mumps
MMR MMR-V - V is varicella
59
B/L parotid gland involvement seen in case of Child and adult smoker
Child - Mumps Adult smoker - Warthin's tumor
60
Types of Respiratory Synctial virus and which one is more severe
RSV A and B RSV A - More severe
61
Clinical features seen RSV infection in infants and adults
Infants - M/C cause of Lower resp tract infection - Fever, Rhinorrhea, Cough,Dyspnea, Wheezing Adults - causes Upper resp tract infection
62
Age group mostly affected by RSV virus
6 weeks to 6 months
63
Microscopic finding in case of RSV infection
Giant cells
64
Which is most sensitive diagnosis method for RSV infection
Virus isolation - on HeLa , Hep2
65
Cytopathic effect seen in case of RSV infection
Synctium formation - Multinucleated giant cell
66
Treatment of RSV infection
Newer drug - Palivizumab (against Fusion protein) For severe infections - Ribavirin
67
RSV infection is more common in which season
Rainy
68
Parainfluenza virus is commonly seen in which season
Worldwide winter
69
Clinical features in Parainfluenza infection
M/C symptom - common cold Children - Croup Severe cases - Pneumonia
70
Most common complication of Parainfluenza virus
Otitis media
71
Clinical features of Nipah virus infection
Encephalitis Fever
72
Nipah virus Mnemonic
NIPAH N- Nervous System - 60-70% mortality P - Pigs (amplifier) Animal - Human
73
Vector in case of Nipah virus infection
Fruit bat
74
Transmission of Nipah virus and it's amplifier
Bat's urine contaminating food and water Patient secretions Amplifier - Pigs

Microbiology (37 decks)

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