Bio Med Day 2b

Question 1

Out pouching of mucosa and submucosa that herniate through the colonic muscle layers in areas of high intraluminal pressure; most commonly in the sigmoid colon

Answer 1

Diverticulosis

Question 2

Diverticulosis is the most common cause of ________GI bleeding

Answer 2

Lower

Question 3

What is the dividing point of the GI track; The suspensory muscle of duodenum is a thin muscle connecting the junction between the duodenum, jejunum, and duodenojejunal flexure to connective tissue surrounding the superior mesenteric artery and coeliac artery

Answer 3

Ligament of treitz

Question 4

What are the major causes of Diverticulosis

Answer 4

High fat, low fiber diet

Question 5

Guide line for colon cancer screening

Answer 5

start from 50yrs old every 10 years

Question 6

Diverticulosis Signs and Symptoms

Answer 6

Generally asymptomatic; painless, sudden onset of bleeding; anemia s/s

Question 7

Diverticulosis is most commonly found in which area

Answer 7

Sigmoid colon

Question 8

Most common cause of acute lower GI bleeding in patients >40 yrs old

Answer 8

Diverticulosis

Question 9

What are the signs and symptoms of Diverticulitis

Answer 9

Lower Left Quadrant pain; nausea; vomiting; white blood cell count goes up (Leukocytosis); fever; constipation; inflammation of Diverticulosis

Question 10

Serious complication of Diverticulitis

Answer 10

perforation - causes serious complication (Peritonitis & Shock)

Question 11

Diagnostic tests for Diverticulosis

Answer 11

Colonoscopy; abdominal x-ray; Contrast CT

Question 12

Diagnostic tests for Diverticulitis

Answer 12

Colonoscopy (although must be avoided in px with early diverticulitis due to risk of perforation); abdominal x-ray; Contrast CT

Question 13

Treatment Options for Diverticulitis

Answer 13

NPO - nothing by mouth/Rest the Bowel; IV fluids; IV Antibiotics

Question 14

Cranial Nerve VII lower motor neuron lesion causes peripheral ipsilateral facial paralysis (same side)

Answer 14

Bell’s Palsy

Question 15

In what conditions will you see Bell’s Palsy as a complication

Answer 15

AIDS; Lyme’s Disease; Sarcoidosis; Tumors; Diabetes

Question 16

33 yr old female in her 3rd trimester of pregnancy develops sudden onset of hemi-facial weakness, diminished taste, difficulty closing the eye. Taste is diminished in the

Answer 16

Anterior 2/3 of the tongue

Question 17

Parkinson’s Disease is an idiopathic hypokinetic disorder that usually begins after age 50-60 and is attributed depletion of what chemical in the brain

Answer 17

Dopamine

Question 18

Treatment of Parkinson’s Disease

Answer 18

Levodopa and Carbidopa

Question 19

Key characteristics of Parkinson’s Disease

Answer 19

Postural Instability; Rigidity (Cog wheeling); Tremor “Pill Rolling”; Slow movement

Question 20

Enlargement of the Prostate and a normal part of aging; seen in >80% of men at age >50

Answer 20

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia = BPH

Question 21

BPH can result in what type of symptoms

Answer 21

Urinary retention; Recurring UTIs; Bladder and renal calculi; hydronephrosis; kidney damage over time

Question 22

History of a patient with BPH

Answer 22

Hesitancy and weakness of urine stream; incomplete emptying of bladder; urinary retention; bladder fullness; Nocturia; Day time frequency; urge incontinence; opening hematuria

Question 23

When a DRE (Digital Rectal Exam) is performed, what will the Prostate feel like if BPH is present

Answer 23

Uniformly enlarged; rubbery texture; ***If the texture is hard and has irregular lesions, cancer should be suspected

Question 24

How to diagnose BPH

Answer 24

DRE; Measure PSA (prostate specific antigen); check UA for hematuria or infection; Trans-rectal Ultrasound

Question 25

Herb that treats BPH

Answer 25

Saw Palmetto

Question 26

Treatment option for BPH

Answer 26

TURP = Transurethral resection of the prostate ; Terazosin; Finasteride

Question 27

Most common cancer in Men; Second leading cause of mortality

Answer 27

Prostate Cancer

Question 28

History of a Px with Prostate Cancer

Answer 28

Typically Asymptomatic but can have lower back pain, with urinary retention; lymphedema due to

Question 29

What type of metastasis can result from Prostate Cancer

Answer 29

Can metastasize to the Bone

Question 30

Definitive diagnosis of Prostate Cancer is

Answer 30

Biopsy

Question 31

Often but not always elevated in patients with Prostate Cancer

Answer 31

PSA

Question 32

______are affected by UTIs more often than _____ because of the length of Urethra

Answer 32

Female; Male

Question 33

Most common cause of UTI

Answer 33

e coli

Question 34

Patients at higher risk of UTI

Answer 34

Pregnancy; Diabetes Mellitus; Immunosuppression