Blood and Hemopoiesis

Question 1

process of blood cell formation

Answer 1

Hemopoiesis

Question 2

light to dark red, viscous

Answer 2

BLOOD

Question 3

What is the pH level of blood

Answer 3

7.35-7.45 pH
slightly alkaline

Question 4

What is the total body weight of blood?

Answer 4

7%

Question 5

Composed of formed elements suspended in a fluid component which is the plasma

Answer 5

BLOOD

Question 6

____ of blood in an average adult

Answer 6

5L

Question 7

yellowish fluid in which cells, platelets, organic compounds and electrolytes are suspended and/or dissolved

Answer 7

Plasma

Question 8

Plasma:

water ____
proteins ___
inorg. Salts, ions, gases, nutrients ____

Answer 8

90%
9%
1%

Question 9

straw-colored, blood coagulates leaving the components suspended into the clot

Answer 9

Serum

Question 10

Types of HEMOPOIESIS

Answer 10

Prenatal hemopoiesis
Postnatal hemopoiesis

Question 11

FORMED ELEMENTS of hemopoiesis

Answer 11

RED BLOOD CELLS
WHITE BLOOD CELLS
PLATELETS

Question 12

Prenatal Hemopoiesis:

blood cell formation begins in the mesoderm of the yolk sac

Answer 12

2 weeks after conception (mesoblastic phase)

Question 13

Mesenchymal cells aggregate to form blood islands

Answer 13

Prenatal Hemopoiesis

Question 14

Peripheral cells become vessel walls and the rest become erythroblast, become nucleated erythrocytes

Answer 14

Prenatal Hemopoiesis

Question 15

Prenatal Hemopoiesis:

erythrocytes still have nuclei, and leukocytes appear by the 8th week

Answer 15

6th week of gestation (hepatic phase)

Question 16

Prenatal Hemopoiesis:

continues until the end of gestation

Answer 16

2nd trimester (splenic phase)

Question 17

Prenatal Hemopoiesis:

beginning of hemopoiesis in the Bone marrow

Answer 17

End of 2nd trimester (myeloid phase):

Question 18

Occurs almost exclusively in the bone marrow

Answer 18

Postnatal hemopoiesis

Question 19

Entire process is regulated by various growth factors and cytokines that act at different steps to control the type of cells formed and their rate of formation

Answer 19

Postnatal hemopoiesis

Question 20

Where all blood cells arise

Answer 20

Pluripotential Hematopoietic Stem Cells (PHSCs)

Question 21

Give rise to more PHSCs as well as 2 types of Multipotential Hematopoietic Stem Cells

Answer 21

Pluripotential Hematopoietic Stem Cells (PHSCs)

Question 22

2 types of Multipotential Hematopoietic Stem Cells (MHSCs):

Answer 22

CFU-Ly
CFU-GEMM

Question 23

Unipotential, committed to forming a single cell line

Answer 23

Progenitor cells

Question 24

Only limited capacity for self-renewal

Answer 24

Progenitor cells

Question 25

for Erythrocytes

Answer 25

BFU-E to CFU-E

Question 26

for megakaryocytes

Answer 26

CFU-Meg

Question 27

for Eosinophil

Answer 27

CFU-Eosinophil

Question 28

for basophil

Answer 28

CFU-Basophil

Question 29

for Neutrophil

Answer 29

(CFU-G

Question 30

for monocyte

Answer 30

CFU-M

Question 31

Arise from progenitor cells and are incapable of self-renewal

Answer 31

Precursor cells

Question 32

Undergo cell division and differentiation to give rise to a clone of mature cells

Answer 32

Precursor cells

Question 33

HEMOPOIETIC GROWTH FACTORS: Most are _____

Answer 33

glycoproteins

Question 34

Rapid mitosis and differentiation

Answer 34

HEMOPOIETIC GROWTH FACTORS

Question 35

HEMOPOIETIC GROWTH FACTORS:

Answer 35

1. Transport via bloodstream (endocrine hormones) 2. Secretion by stromal cells of the BM 3. Direct cell-to-cell contact 4. Steel factors or stem cell factors 5. GM-CSF 6. IL-3 and IL-7 7. Cytokinesis

Question 36

in the hemopoietic growth factors, the cells undergo ______

Answer 36

apoptosis

Question 37

The formation of red blood cells, under the control of several cytokines, namely: steel factor, IL-3, IL-9, GM-CSF, erythropoietin

Answer 37

Erythropoiesis

Question 38

Progenitor cells arising from CFU-GEMM: BFU-E and CFU-E

Answer 38

Erythropoiesis

Question 39

______ with the help of other cytokines induce CFU-GEMM to form BFU-E

Answer 39

Erythropoietin (kidney)

Question 40

no nucleus and red cytoplasm

Answer 40

erythrocytes

Question 41

no nucleus and blue-grey cytoplasm

Answer 41

reticulocytes

Question 42

dark, small, spherical nucleus and blue-grey cytoplasm

Answer 42

orthochromatophilic erythroblasts

Question 43

darkening, fractures, spherical nucleus and mixed pools of grey and blue cytoplasm

Answer 43

polychromatophilic erythroblasts

Question 44

fractures, spherical nucleus, and thin rim of sky blue cytoplasm

Answer 44

basophilic erythroblasts

Question 45

The smallest and the most abundant

Answer 45

Erythropoietin (kidney)

Question 46

Have no nuclei

Answer 46

Erythropoietin (kidney)

Question 47

Functions to transport oxygen and carbon dioxide to and from the tissue

Answer 47

Erythropoietin (kidney)

Question 48

Biconcave-shaped disk

Answer 48

Erythropoietin (kidney)

Question 49

7um in diameter

Answer 49

Erythropoietin (kidney)

Question 50

Salmon-pink color

Answer 50

Erythropoietin (kidney)

Question 51

Carbonic anhydrase, carbonic acid, chloride shift

Answer 51

Erythropoietin (kidney)

Question 52

Glycolytic pathway (Embden-Meyerhoff)

Answer 52

Erythropoietin (kidney)

Question 53

Pentose monophosphate shunt

Answer 53

Erythropoietin (kidney)