Urinary System

Question 1

Approximately 12-cm long, 6-cm wide, and 2.5-cm thick in adults,

Answer 1

KIDNEYS

Question 2

has an outer renal cortex, a darker stained region with many round corpuscles and tubule cross sections,

Answer 2

Parenchyma

Question 3

an inner renal medulla consisting mostly of aligned linear tubules and ducts, which consists of 8-15 conical structures called

Answer 3

renal pyramids

Question 4

all with their bases meeting the cortex (at the corticomedullary junction) and separated from each other by extensions of the cortex called

Answer 4

renal columns

Question 5

Each pyramid plus the cortical tissue at its base and extending along its sides constitutes a

Answer 5

renal lobe

Question 6

The tip of each pyramid, projects into a minor calyx that collects urine formed by tubules in one renal lobe

Answer 6

renal papilla

Question 7

Each kidney contains 1-4 million functional units called

Answer 7

nephrons

Question 8

each consisting of a corpuscle and a long, simple epithelial renal tubule with three main parts along its length

Answer 8

NEPHRON

Question 9

Initial dilated part enclosing a tuft of capillary loops and the site of blood filtration

Answer 9

RENAL CORPUSCLE

Question 10

Location of the Renal Corpuscle

Answer 10

Cortex
Glomerulus
Bowman’s capsule

Question 11

a long convoluted part, located entirely in the cortex, with a shorter straight part that enters the medulla.

Answer 11

PROXIMAL TUBULE

Question 12

Nephron Loop

Answer 12

LOOP OF HENLE

Question 13

in the medulla, with a thin descending and a thin ascending limb.

Answer 13

LOOP OF HENLE

Question 14

consisting of a thick straight part ascending from the loop of Henle back into the cortex and a convoluted part completely in the cortex.

Answer 14

DISTAL TUBULE

Question 15

a short minor part linking the nephron to collecting ducts

Answer 15

CONNECTING TUBULE

Question 16

In the glomerulus, where the blood enters

Answer 16

Afferent arterioles

Question 17

In the glomerulus, where the blood exits

Answer 17

Efferent arteriole

Question 18

What is the epithelial tissue of the Glomerulus

Answer 18

Stratified squamous epithelium

Question 19

What type of capillaries are there in the Glomerulus?

Answer 19

Fenestrated capillaries

Question 20

What is the epithelium of the Bowman’s capsule?

Answer 20

Simple squamous epithelium

Question 21

What type of capillaries are there in the Bowman’s capsule?

Answer 21

Fenestrated capillaries

Question 22

It has podocytes

Answer 22

Bowman’s capsule

Question 23

RENAL FUNCTION:

Answer 23

FILTRATION
TUBULAR SECRETION
TUBULAR REABSORPTION

Question 24

RENAL FUNCTION:

Water and solutes

Answer 24

FILTRATION

Question 25

RENAL FUNCTION: From blood vessels to tubular lumen

Answer 25

FILTRATION TUBULAR SECRETION

Question 26

RENAL FUNCTION: by which water and solutes in the blood leave the vascular space and enter the lumen of the nephron.

Answer 26

FILTRATION

Question 27

RENAL FUNCTION: From blood vessels to tubular lumen

Answer 27

FILTRATION TUBULAR SECRETION

Question 28

RENAL FUNCTION: by which substances move from epithelial cells of the tubules into the lumens, usually after uptake from the surrounding interstitium and capillaries.

Answer 28

TUBULAR SECRETION

Question 29

RENAL FUNCTION: From tubular lumen to blood vessels

Answer 29

TUBULAR REABSORPTION

Question 30

RENAL FUNCTION: by which substances move from the tubular lumen across the epithelium into the interstitium and surrounding capillaries

Answer 30

TUBULAR REABSORPTION

Question 31

At the beginning of each nephron is a renal corpuscle, about 200 μm in diameter and containing a tuft of glomerular capillaries, surrounded by a double-walled epithelial capsule called the

Answer 31

glomerular (Bowman) capsule

Question 32

forms the surface of the capsule

Answer 32

parietal layer

Question 33

Between the two capsular layers is the _________, which receives the fluid filtered through the capillary wall and the visceral layer

Answer 33

capsular (or urinary) space

Question 34

The visceral layer of a renal corpuscle consists of unusual stellate epithelial cells called

Answer 34

podocytes

Question 35

From the cell body of each podocyte, several ______ extend and curve around a length of glomerular capillary

Answer 35

primary processes

Question 36

Each primary process gives rise to many parallels, interdigitating secondary processes or _______. The _____ cover much of the capillary surface, in direct contact with the basal lamina.

Answer 36

pedicels

Question 37

What is the epithelium of the Proximal Convoluted tubule?

Answer 37

Simple cuboidal epithelium

Question 38

Where is the Proximal Convoluted Tubule located?

Answer 38

Cortex

Question 39

Reabsorption of all organic nutrients, all proteins, most water, and electrolytes

Answer 39

PROXIMAL CONVOLUTED TUBULE

Question 40

Secretion of organic anions and cations, H+, and NH4+

Answer 40

PROXIMAL CONVOLUTED TUBULE

Question 41

Loop of henle:

Answer 41

1. Thin Limbs (Ascending & Descending) 2. Thick Ascending

Question 42

What is the epithelium of the Thin Limbs (Ascending and Descending) of the Loop of Henle?

Answer 42

Simple squamous epithelium

Question 43

What is the epithelium of the Thick Ascending of the Loop of Henle?

Answer 43

Simple cuboidal epithelium

Question 44

Both the Thin Limbs and Thick Ascending is located at the

Answer 44

Medulla

Question 45

Passive reabsorption of Na+ and Cl

Answer 45

Thin Limbs (Ascending & Descending)

Question 46

Active reabsorption of various electrolytes

Answer 46

Thick Ascending

Question 47

What is the epithelium of the Distal Convoluted Tubule?

Answer 47

Simple cuboidal epithelium

Question 48

Reabsorption of electrolytes

Answer 48

Distal Convoluted Tubule