Lymphatic System

Question 1

Consists of a large, diverse population of leukocytes located within every tissue of the body and lymphoid organs interconnected only by the blood and lymphatic circulation.

Answer 1

IMMUNE SYSTEM and LYMPHOID ORGANS

Question 2

TYPES OF IMMUNITY

Answer 2

INNATE IMMUNITY
ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY

Question 3

Nonspecific, involves a wide variety of effector mechanisms, and immediate response

Answer 3

INNATE IMMUNITY

Question 4

Physical barriers such as the skin and mucous membranes of the gastrointestinal, respiratory, and urogenital tracts that prevent infections or penetration of the host body
Examples: Granulocytes and other leukocytes

Answer 4

INNATE IMMUNITY

Question 5

ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMICALS OF LEUKOCYTES

Answer 5

1. HYDROCHLORIC ACID AND ORGANIC ACIDS
2. DEFENSINS
3. LYSOZYME
4. COMPLEMENT
5. INTERFERONS

Question 6

In specific regions, lower the pH locally to either kill entering microorganisms directly or inhibit their growth.

Answer 6

HYDROCHLORIC ACID AND ORGANIC ACIDS

Question 7

Short cationic polypeptides produced by neutrophils and various epithelial cells kill bacteria by disrupting the cell walls

Answer 7

DEFENSINS

Question 8

is an enzyme made by neutrophils and cells of epithelial barriers, which hydrolyzes bacterial cell wall components, killing those cells.

Answer 8

LYSOZYME

Question 9

A system of proteins in blood plasma, mucus and macrophages that react with bacterial surface components to aid the removal of bacteria.

Answer 9

COMPLEMENT

Question 10

Paracrine factors from leukocytes and virus-infected cells that signal NK cells to kill such cells and adjacent cells to resist viral infection.

Answer 10

INTERFERONS

Question 11

Aims at specific microbial invades

Answer 11

ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY

Question 12

Mediated by lymphocytes and antigen presenting cells (APCs)

Answer 12

ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY

Question 13

Acquired gradually by exposure to microorganism

Answer 13

ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY

Question 14

More specific, slower to respond

Answer 14

ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY

Question 15

Evolutionarily more recent development than innate immunity

Answer 15

ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY

Question 16

Response to specific microbial invaders

Answer 16

ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY

Question 17

involve production of memory lymphocytes

Answer 17

ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY

Question 18

Use as a communication of the cell in the immune system to coordinate defensive measures

Answer 18

CYTOKINES

Question 19

Both innate and adaptive immunity

Answer 19

CYTOKINES

Question 20

Both innate and adaptive immunity

Answer 20

CYTOKINES

Question 21

A diverse group of peptides and glycoproteins

Answer 21

CYTOKINES

Question 22

low molecular mass

Answer 22

CYTOKINES

Question 23

paracrine mode of action

Answer 23

CYTOKINES

Question 24

Directed cell movements, or chemotaxis, toward cell accumulation at sites of inflammation, for example, diapedesis.

Answer 24

CYTOKINES

Question 25

Cytokines producing this effect are also called

Answer 25

chemokines

Question 26

Increased mitotic activity

Answer 26

CYTOKINES

Question 27

Adaptive: stimulation or suppression of lymphocytes – interleukins

Answer 27

CYTOKINES

Question 28

Innate: stimulation of phagocytosis or direct cell killing

Answer 28

CYTOKINES

Question 29

Antibody percentage in the plasma: 75% - 85%

Answer 29

lgG

Question 30

Antibody percentage in the plasma: 5%-10%

Answer 30

lgM

Question 31

Antibody percentage in the plasma: 10%-15%

Answer 31

lgA

Question 32

Antibody percentage in the plasma: 0.001%

Answer 32

lgD

Question 33

Antibody percentage in the plasma: 0.002%

Answer 33

lgE

Question 34

Presence in sites other than blood, and lymphoid organs: Fetal circulation in pregnant women

Answer 34

lgG

Question 35

Presence in sites other than blood, and lymphoid organs: B lymphocyte surface (as a monomer)

Answer 35

lgM

Question 36

Presence in sites other than blood, and lymphoid organs: Secretions (saliva, milk, tears, etc)

Answer 36

lgA

Question 37

Presence in sites other than blood, and lymphoid organs: Surface of B lymphocytes

Answer 37

lgD

Question 38

Presence in sites other than blood, and lymphoid organs: Bound to the surface of mast cells and basophils

Answer 38

lgE

Question 39

Known functions: Activates phagocytosis, neutralizes antigens

Answer 39

lgG

Question 40

Known functions: First antibody produced in initial immune response; activates complement

Answer 40

lgM

Question 41

Known functions: Protects mucosae

Answer 41

lgA

Question 42

Known functions: Antigen receptor triggering initial B cell activation

Answer 42

lgD

Question 43

Known functions: Destroys parasitic worms and participates in allergies

Answer 43

lgE