Respiratory System Part II

Question 1

is a short (4 cm × 4 cm) passage for air between the pharynx and the trachea

Answer 1

LARYNX

Question 2

The epithelial layer type of larynx:

Answer 2

Respiratory epithelium and stratified squamous epithelium

Question 3

Its rigid wall is reinforced by hyaline cartilage (in the thyroid, cricoid, and the inferior arytenoid cartilages) and smaller elastic cartilages (in the epiglottis, cuneiform, corniculate, and the superior arytenoid cartilages), all of which are connected by ligaments.

Answer 3

LARYNX

Question 4

a flattened structure projecting from the upper rim of the larynx serves to prevent swallowed food or fluid from entering that passage.

Answer 4

EPIGLOTTIS

Question 5

Its upper, or lingual, surface has stratified squamous epithelium; at variable points on its laryngeal surface this epithelium undergoes a transition to ciliated pseudostratified columnar (respiratory) epithelium

Answer 5

EPIGLOTTIS

Question 6

Mixed mucous and serous glands are found in the ______ beneath the epithelium

Answer 6

lamina propria

Question 7

The epithelial layer type of Epiglottis:

Answer 7

transition from stratified squamous to respiratory epithelium

Question 8

Type of cartilage in Epiglottis

Answer 8

Elastic cartilage

Question 9

Two folds of Epiglottis

Answer 9

• VESTIBULAR
• VOCAL

Question 10

10-12 cm long in adults

Answer 10

TRACHEA

Question 11

lined with typical respiratory mucosa in which the lamina propria contains numerous seromucous glands producing watery mucus

Answer 11

TRACHEA

Question 12

The open ends of the cartilage rings are on the posterior surface, against the esophagus, and are bridged by a bundle of smooth muscle called the trachealis muscle and a sheet of fibroelastic tissue attached to the perichondrium.

Answer 12

TRACHEA

Question 13

The epithelial tissue type of trachea:

Answer 13

Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Question 14

Type of cartilage in trachea

Answer 14

Hyaline cartilage

Question 15

are the intralobular airways with diameters of 1 mm or less, formed after about the tenth generation of branching; they lack both mucosal glands and cartilage

Answer 15

BRONCHIOLES

Question 16

the epithelium is still ciliated pseudostratified columnar, but this decreases in height and complexity to become ciliated simple columnar or simple cuboidal epithelium in the smallest terminal bronchioles, which are the last parts of the air-conducting system

Answer 16

Larger Bronchioles

Question 17

The ciliated epithelial lining of bronchioles begins the ______, important in clearing debris and mucus by moving it upward along the bronchial tree and trachea

Answer 17

mucociliary apparatus or escalator

Question 18

Each terminal bronchiole subdivides into two or more respiratory bronchioles, which always include the saclike alveoli.

Answer 18

RESPIRATORY BRONCHIOLES

Question 19

Smooth muscle and elastic connective tissue comprise the lamina propria and the epithelium consists of club cells, with simple squamous cells at the alveolar openings.

Answer 19

RESPIRATORY BRONCHIOLES

Question 20

What is the epithelial tissue of the BRONCHI?

Answer 20

Respiratory epithelium

Question 21

Epithelial tissue type of Bronchioles:

Answer 21

simple ciliated cuboidal to columnar

Question 22

Epithelial tissue type of Terminal Bronchioles:

Answer 22

simple ciliated cuboidal

Question 23

Epithelial tissue type of Respiratory Bronchioles:

Answer 23

simple ciliated cuboidal

Question 24

Saclike evaginations from respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveolar sacs

Answer 24

ALVEOLI

Question 25

Responsible for spongy structure of the lungs

Answer 25

ALVEOLI

Question 26

consisting of scattered fibroblasts and sparse extracellular matrix.

Answer 26

Thin Interalveolar septa

Question 27

enables alveoli to expand with inspiration and contract passively with expiration

Answer 27

Elastic fibers arrangement

Question 28

prevent both collapse and excessive distention of alveoli.

Answer 28

Reticular fibers

Question 29

The wall of each alveolus consists of alveolar cells, or pneumonocytes, of two type:

Answer 29

- Extremely thin type I alveolar cells - Cuboidal type II alveolar cells with surfactant-secreting and innate immune properties

Question 30

characterized ultrastructurally by unique cytoplasmic lamellar bodies, large granules with closely stacked layers of membrane involved in surfactant synthesis.

Answer 30

Type II alveolar cells

Question 31

Each lung is covered by ______, a similar tissue layer that lines the pleural cavity.

Answer 31

visceral pleura

Question 32

A serous membrane covering the lung’s outer surface and the internal wall of the thoracic cavity

Answer 32

PLEURA

Question 33

membrane attached to lung tissue

Answer 33

VISCERAL PLEURA

Question 34

elastic fibers are continuous with those of the pulmonary parenchyma

Answer 34

VISCERAL PLEURA

Question 35

the membrane lining the thoracic walls.

Answer 35

PARIETAL PLEURA

Question 36

Between the parietal and visceral layers, the _____ is entirely lined with the mesothelial cells

Answer 36

narrow pleural cavity