The Cell (Module)

Question 1

Structure:
phospholipid bilayer containing cholesterol and proteins (integral and peripheral) and some carbohydrates (externally); forms a selectively permeable boundary of the cell

Answer 1

Plasma membrane

Question 2

function:
acts as physical barrier to enclose cell contents

Answer 2

Plasma membrane

Question 3

regulates material movement into and out of the cell

Answer 3

plasma membrane

Question 4

establishes and maintains an electrical charge difference across the plasma membrane

Answer 4

plasma membrane

Question 5

functions in cell communication

Answer 5

plasma membrane

Question 6

short, numerous membrane extensions supported by microtubules, which occur on exposed membrane surfaces of some cells

Answer 6

cilia

Question 7

move substances (eg, mucus and dissolved materials) over the cell surface

Answer 7

cilia

Question 8

long, singular membrane extension supported by microtubules; present on sperm cells

Answer 8

flagellum

Question 9

propels sperm

Answer 9

flagellum

Question 10

numerous thin membrane folds projecting from the free cell surface; supported by microfilaments

Answer 10

microvilli

Question 11

increase membrane surface area for greater absorption

Answer 11

microvilli

Question 12

large structure enclosed within a double membrane

Answer 12

nucleus

Question 13

contains chromatin, nucleolus, and nucleoplasm

Answer 13

nucleus

Question 14

houses the DNA that serves as the genetic material for directing protein synthesis

Answer 14

nucleus

Question 15

double membrane boundary between cytoplasm and nuclear contents

Answer 15

nuclear envelope

Question 16

continuous with rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 16

nuclear envelope

Question 17

separates nucleus from cytoplasm

Answer 17

nuclear envelope

Question 18

openings through the nuclear envelope

Answer 18

nuclear pores

Question 19

allow passage of materials between the cytoplasm and nucleoplasm, including ribonucleic acid (RNA), protein, ions, and small water-soluble molecules

Answer 19

nuclear pores

Question 20

large, prominent structure within the nucleus

Answer 20

nucleolus

Question 21

functions in synthesis of ribosomes

Answer 21

nucleolus

Question 22

contents of cells between the plasma membrane and nuclear envelope

Answer 22

cytoplasm

Question 23

responsible for many cellular processes

Answer 23

cytoplasm

Question 24

viscous fluid medium with dissolved solutes (eg, ions, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids)

Answer 24

cytosol

Question 25

provides support for organelles

Answer 25

cytosol

Question 26

serves as the viscous fluid medium through which diffusion occurs

Answer 26

cytosol

Question 27

membrane-bound and nonmembrane-bound structures

Answer 27

organelles

Question 28

carry out specific metabolic activities of the cell

Answer 28

organelles

Question 29

extensive interconnected membrane network that varies in shape (eg, cisternae, tubules)

Answer 29

rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 30

ribosomes attached on cytoplasmic surface

Answer 30

rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 31

modified, transports, and stores proteins produced by attached ribosomes

Answer 31

rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 32

these proteins are secreted, become components of the plasma membrane, or serve as enzymes of lysosomes

Answer 32

rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 33

extensive interconnected membrane network lacking ribosomes

Answer 33

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 34

synthesizes, transports, and stores lipids (eg, steroids)

Answer 34

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 35

metabolizes carbohydrates

Answer 35

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 36

detoxifies drugs, alcohol, and poisons

Answer 36

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 37

forms vesicles and peroxisomes

Answer 37

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 38

series of several elongated, flattened saclike membranous structures

Answer 38

golgi apparatus

Question 39

modifies, packages, and sorts materials that arrive from the ER in transport vesicles

Answer 39

golgi apparatus

Question 40

forms secretory vesicles and lysosomes

Answer 40

golgi apparatus

Question 41

spherical-shaped membrane-bound sacs

Answer 41

vesicles

Question 42

contain various types of materials to be transported through the cell

Answer 42

vesicles

Question 43

transport cellular material

Answer 43

vesicles

Question 44

spherical-shaped membrane-bound organelles formed from Golgi apparatus

Answer 44

lysosomes

Question 45

contain digestive enzymes

Answer 45

lysosomes

Question 46

digest microbes or materials (eg, ingested by the cell, worn-out cellular components, or the entire cell)

Answer 46

lysosomes

Question 47

smaller, spherical-bound membrane-bound organelles formed from the ER or through fission

Answer 47

peroxisomes

Question 48

contains oxidative enzymes

Answer 48

peroxisomes

Question 49

detoxify specific harmful substances either produced by the cell or taken into the cell

Answer 49

peroxisomes

Question 50

engage in beta oxidation of fatty acids to acetyl CoA

Answer 50

peroxisomes

Question 51

double membrane-bound organelles containing a circular strand of DNA (genes for producing mitochondrial proteins)

Answer 51

mitochondria

Question 52

synthesize most ATP during aerobic cellular respiration by digestion of fuel molecules (eg, glucose) in the presence of oxygen

Answer 52

mitochondria

Question 53

organelles composed of both protein and ribosomal RNA (rRNA) that are organized into both a large and small subunit

Answer 53

ribosomes

Question 54

may be bound to a membrane or free in cytosol

Answer 54

ribosomes

Question 55

engage in protein synthesis

Answer 55

ribosomes

Question 56

bound ribosomes produce proteins that are secreted, incorporated into plasma membrane, and within lysosomes

Answer 56

ribosomes

Question 57

it produces proteins used within the cell

Answer 57

free ribosomes

Question 58

organized network of protein filaments and hollow tubules, including microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules

Answer 58

cytoskeleton

Question 59

maintains intercellular structural support and organization of cells

Answer 59

cytoskeleton

Question 60

participates in cell division and facilitates movement

Answer 60

cytoskeleton

Question 61

actin proteins monomers organized into two thin, intertwined protein filaments (actin filaments)

Answer 61

microfilaments

Question 62

maintain cell shape

Answer 62

microfilaments

Question 63

supports microvilli

Answer 63

microfilaments

Question 64

separates two cells during cytokinesis (a process of cell division)

Answer 64

microfilaments

Question 65

facilitate change in cell shape

Answer 65

microfilaments

Question 66

participates in muscle contraction

Answer 66

microfilaments

Question 67

various protein components

Answer 67

intermediate filaments

Question 68

provide structural support

Answer 68

intermediate filaments

Question 69

stabilize junctions between cells

Answer 69

intermediate filaments

Question 70

hollow cylinders composed of tubulin protein

Answer 70

microtubules

Question 71

maintain cell shape and rigidity

Answer 71

microtubules

Question 72

organizes and move organelles; support cilia and flagella

Answer 72

microtubules

Question 73

participate in vesicular transport; separate chromosomes during the process of cell division

Answer 73

microtubules

Question 74

amorphous region adjacent to nucleus

Answer 74

centrosome

Question 75

contains a pair of centrioles

Answer 75

centrosome

Question 76

organizes microtubules

Answer 76

centrosome

Question 77

participates in mitotic spindle formation during cell division

Answer 77

centrosome

Question 78

large, barrel-shaped protein complexes located in the both cytosol and nucleus

Answer 78

proteasomes

Question 79

aggregates of specific types of molecules (eg, melanin, protein, glycogen, or lipid)

Answer 79

inclusions

Question 80

serve as temporary storage for these molecules

Answer 80

inclusions