Integumentary System Part II

Question 1

STRUCTURES OF THE 3 LAYERS OF THE SKIN:

Answer 1

EPIDERMIS
DERMIS
HYPODERMIS

Question 2

most superficial layer

Answer 2

EPIDERMIS

Question 3

avascular

Answer 3

EPIDERMIS

Question 4

stratified squamous keratinized epithelium

Answer 4

EPIDERMIS

Question 5

first line/barrier of protection

Answer 5

EPIDERMIS

Question 6

nutrients and oxygen diffuse from capillaries in the dermis

Answer 6

EPIDERMIS

Question 7

contains Keratinocytes.

Answer 7

EPIDERMIS

Question 7

is the most abundant cells in the epidermis [constitutes about 90% of the cells in the epidermis]

Answer 7

Keratinocytes

Question 8

Contain large amounts of KERATIN.

Answer 8

Keratinocytes

Question 9

STRUCTURES OF THE EPIDERMIS

Answer 9

1. STRATUM BASALE [ GERMINATIVUM ]
2. STRATUM SPINOSUM [SPINY LAYER]
3. STRATUM GRANULOSUM (GRAINY LAYER)
4. STRATUM LUCIDUM (CLEAR LAYER)
5. STRATUM CORNEUM (HORN LAYER)

Question 10

provides the germinal cells (necessary for the regeneration of the layers of the epidermis)

Answer 10

STRATUM BASALE [ GERMINATIVUM ]

Question 11

separated from the dermis by a thin layer of the basement membrane

Answer 11

STRATUM BASALE [ GERMINATIVUM ]

Question 12

after a mitotic division, a newly formed cell will undergo a progressive maturation called keratinization as it migrates to the surface.

Answer 12

STRATUM BASALE [ GERMINATIVUM ]

Question 13

is attached to the basement membrane by Hemidesmosomes

Answer 13

STRATUM BASALE [ GERMINATIVUM ]

Question 14

forms a strong bond between the epidermis and the dermis.

Answer 14

STRATUM BASALE [ GERMINATIVUM ]

Question 15

forms epidermal ridges (fingerprints)

Answer 15

STRATUM GERMINATIVUM

Question 16

dermal papillae (tiny mounds)

Answer 16

STRATUM GERMINATIVUM

Question 17

increase the area of basement membrane

Answer 17

dermal papillae (tiny mounds)

Question 18

strengthen the attachment between epidermis and dermis

Answer 18

STRATUM GERMINATIVUM

Question 19

has many basal cells or germinative cells.

Answer 19

STRATUM GERMINATIVUM

Question 20

the cells that divide in the stratum germinativum soon begin to accumulate many desmosomes on their outer surface which provide the characteristic prickles of the stratum spinosum (SS), which is often called the prickle-cell layer

Answer 20

STRATUM SPINOSUM [SPINY LAYER]

Question 21

produced by division of stratum basale.

Answer 21

STRATUM SPINOSUM [SPINY LAYER]

Question 22

eight (8) to ten (10) layers of keratinocytes bound by desmosomes.

Answer 22

STRATUM SPINOSUM [SPINY LAYER]

Question 23

the progressive maturation of keratinocytes is characterized by the accumulation of keratin called keratinization.

Answer 23

STRATUM GRANULOSUM (GRAINY LAYER)

Question 24

cells of stratum granulosum accumulate __________

Answer 24

dense basophilic keratohyalin granules.

Question 25

these granules contain lipids, which along with the desmosomal connections, help form a waterproof barrier that functions to prevent fluid loss from the body

Answer 25

STRATUM GRANULOSUM (GRAINY LAYER)

Question 26

“stops providing, starts producing"

Answer 26

STRATUM GRANULOSUM (GRAINY LAYER)

Question 27

tough, fibrous protein

Answer 27

KERATIN

Question 28

makes up hair and nails.

Answer 28

KERATIN

Question 29

dense granules

Answer 29

KERATOHYALIN

Question 30

is normally, only seen in the thick epidermis

Answer 30

STRATUM LUCIDUM (CLEAR LAYER

Question 31

represents a transition from the stratum granulosum to the stratum corneum.

Answer 31

STRATUM LUCIDUM (CLEAR LAYER)

Question 32

found only in thick skin

Answer 32

STRATUM LUCIDUM (CLEAR LAYER)

Question 33

is the outermost layer of the epidermis

Answer 33

STRATUM CORNEUM (HORN LAYER)

Question 34

it consists of dead cells (corneocytes) that lack nuclei and organelles

Answer 34

STRATUM CORNEUM (HORN LAYER)

Question 35

the process of cell shedding front the surface of the stratum corneum, balances proliferating keratinocytes that form in the stratum basale is referred to as ________.

Answer 35

STRATUM CORNEUM (HORN LAYER) Desquamation

Question 36

the exposed surface of the skin, 15 to 20 layers of keratinized cells (horny cells).

Answer 36

STRATUM CORNEUM (HORN LAYER)

Question 37

TYPES OF EPIDERMAL CELLS

Answer 37

KERATINOCYTES MELANOCYTES LANGERHANS CELLS MERKEL CELLS

Question 38

they are responsible for keratin formation

Answer 38

KERATINOCYTES

Question 39

formed of many layers that continuously shed and regenerate every 2-4 weeks

Answer 39

KERATINOCYTES

Question 40

they are arranged in many layers.

Answer 40

KERATINOCYTES

Question 41

found in between cells of the basal layer.

Answer 41

MELANOCYTES

Question 42

branched cells with central nuclei by EM (extracellular matrix) contains organelles for protein synthesis (rer, golgi, mitochondria and melanosomes).

Answer 42

MELANOCYTES

Question 43

they form melanin by tyrosinase from tyrosine amino acid by converting dioxyphenyl-alanine (DOPA)

Answer 43

MELANOCYTES

Question 44

are dendritic cells (antigen-presenting immune cells) of the skin.

Answer 44

LANGERHANS CELLS

Question 45

found in upper layers of stratum spinosum

Answer 45

LANGERHANS CELLS

Question 46

branched shape and central nuclei.

Answer 46

LANGERHANS CELLS

Question 47

represents 3-8% of epidermal cells.

Answer 47

LANGERHANS CELLS

Question 48

found in basal cell layer

Answer 48

MERKEL CELLS

Question 49

are modified epidermal cells

Answer 49

MERKEL CELLS

Question 50

sensory nerve fibers from terminal disk under Merkel’s cells

Answer 50

MERKEL CELLS

Question 51

function as touch receptors.

Answer 51

MERKEL CELL