Nervous System Part II

Question 1

sites of functional apposition where signals are transmitted from one neuron to another or from a neuron to another type of cell

Answer 1

SYNAPSES

Question 2

Classification of site of synaptic contact:

Answer 2

Axodendritic synapses
Axosomatic synapses
Axoaxonic synapses
Dendrodendritic synapses

Question 3

Classification of Method Of Signal Transmission:

Answer 3

Chemical synapse (neurotransmitter)
Electrical synapse

Question 4

Method Of Signal Transmission:

Neuron-neuron; neuron-muscle

Answer 4

Chemical synapse (neurotransmitter)

Question 5

Method Of Signal Transmission:

Delay by 0.5 ms

Answer 5

Chemical synapse (neurotransmitter)

Question 6

Method Of Signal Transmission:

Gap junctions; nearly instantaneous transmission

Answer 6

Electrical synapse

Question 7

Method Of Signal Transmission:

Less common

Answer 7

Electrical synapse

Question 8

Common neurotransmitters:

Located in Myoneural junctions; all parasympathethic synapses; prenganglionic sympathetic synapses

Answer 8

Acetylcholine

Question 9

Common neurotransmitters:

Activates skeletal muscle, autonomic nerves, brain functions

Answer 9

Acetylcholine

Question 10

Common neurotransmitters:

Located in Postganglionic sympathetic synapses

Answer 10

Norepinephrine

Question 11

Common neurotransmitters:

increases cardiac output

Answer 11

Norepinephine

Question 12

Common neurotransmitters:

Located in CNS; presynaptic sensory and cortex

Answer 12

Glutamate

Question 13

Common neurotransmitters:

Most common excitatory neurotransmitter of CNS

Answer 13

Glutamate and y-Aminobutyric acid

Question 14

Common neurotransmitters:

Located in the CNS

Answer 14

y-Aminobutyric acid
Dopamine
Serotonin
Aspartate
Enkephalins
Endorphins

Question 15

Common neurotransmitters:

Inhibitory and excitatory, depending on receptor

Answer 15

Dopamine

Question 16

Common neurotransmitters:

inhibitory

Answer 16

glycine

Question 17

Common neurotransmitters:

pain inhibitor; mood control; sleep

Answer 17

serotonin

Question 18

Common neurotransmitters:

excitatory

Answer 18

aspartate

Question 19

Common neurotransmitters:

analgesic; pain suppression

Answer 19

enkephalins and endorphins

Question 20

individual axons enveloped by a myelin sheath

Answer 20

NERVE FIBERS

Question 21

produced by oligodendrocytes (CNS) and Schwann cells(PNS)

Answer 21

MYELIN SHEATH

Question 22

not continuous along the length of the axon but is interrupted by gaps called nodes of Ranvier.

Answer 22

MYELIN SHEATH

Question 23

can be extracted by standard histological techniques. Methods using osmium tetroxide preserve the myelin sheath and stain it black.

Answer 23

MYELIN SHEATH

Question 24

regions along the axon that lack myelin and represent discontinuities between adjacent Schwann cells or oligodendrocytes.

Answer 24

Nodes of Ranvier

Question 25

Nodes of Ranvier: axon at the nodes of Ranvier is covered by interdigitated cytoplasmic processes of adjacent Schwann cells that protect the myelin-free surface of the axon

Answer 25

PNS

Question 26

Nodes of Ranvier foot plate of an astrocyte.

Answer 26

CNS

Question 27

contains mostly myelinated nerve fibers but also some unmyelinated fibers and neuroglial cells.

Answer 27

White matter

Question 28

contains neuronal cell bodies, many unmyelinated fibers, some myelinated fibers, and neuroglial cells.

Answer 28

Gray matter

Question 29

Spinal cord gray matter appears in the shape of an ____ in cross-sections of the spinal cord

Answer 29

H

Question 30

is located at the periphery (cortex) of the cerebrum and cerebellum.

Answer 30

Brain gray matter

Question 31

lies beneath the gray matter in these structures

Answer 31

White matter

Question 32

consists of flask-shaped Purkinje cells.

Answer 32

Purkinje cell layer (cerebellar cortex only)

Question 33

central nucleus, highly branched (arborized) dendrites, and a single myelinated axon

Answer 33

Purkinje cell layer

Question 34

may receive several hundred thousand excitatory and inhibitory impulses to sort and integrate

Answer 34

Purkinje cell layer

Question 35

clear fluid produced primarily by cells of the choroid plexus in the ventricles of the brain

Answer 35

Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

Question 36

circulates through the ventricles, subarachnoid space, and central canal, bathing and nourishing the brain and spinal cord; shock-absorbing cushion

Answer 36

Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

Question 37

90% water and ions; it contains little protein, occasional white blood cells, and infrequent desquamated cells.

Answer 37

Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

Question 38

continuously produced and is reabsorbed by arachnoid granulations that transport it into the superior sagittal sinus. If reabsorption is blocked, hydrocephalus may occur.

Answer 38

Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

Question 39

Are dendritic nerve endings located in the skin, fascia, muscles, joints and tendons

Answer 39

NERVE ENDING RECEPTORS

Question 40

Respond to stimuli related to touch, pressure, temperature and pain

Answer 40

NERVE ENDING RECEPTORS

Question 41

Nerve ending which are for light touch

Answer 41

Meissner’s Corpuscle

Question 42

Found in dermal papilla of skin

Answer 42

Meissner’s Corpuscle

Question 43

For deep touch

Answer 43

Paccinian Corpuscle

Question 44

Found in skin and pancreas

Answer 44

Paccinian Corpuscle