Respiratory System

Question 1

CONDUCTING PORTION

Answer 1

● Nasal cavities
● Pharynx
● Larynx
● Trachea
● Bronchi, bronchioles, terminal bronchioles

Question 2

gas exchange

Answer 2

RESPIRATORY PORTION

Question 3

RESPIRATORY PORTION:

Answer 3

● Respiratory bronchioles
● Alveolar ducts
● Alveoli

Question 4

the cellular sites of the exchange of O2 and CO2 between inspired air and blood, are small, air-filled, saclike structures, which make up most of the lung structure.

Answer 4

ALVEOLI

Question 5

The left and right nasal cavities each have two components:

Answer 5

external dilated vestibule
internal nasal cavity

Question 6

The skin of the nose enters the _______ into the _____ and includes sweat glands, sebaceous glands, and coarse, moist vibrissae (hairs), which filter out particulate material from inspired air

Answer 6

nares (nostrils) partway
vestibule

Question 7

The _____ lie within the skull as two cavernous chambers separated by the osseous nasal septum.

Answer 7

nasal cavities

Question 8

Extending from each lateral wall are three bony shelflike projections called

Answer 8

conchae, or turbinate bones.

Question 9

RESPIRATORY EPITHELIUM:

Nasal cavities and conducting portion

Answer 9

ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Question 10

Most of the nasal cavities and conducting portion of the system is lined with mucosa having ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium commonly known as the ______.

Answer 10

respiratory epithelium

Question 11

Respiratory epithelium five major cell types:

most abundant, 250-300 cilia

Answer 11

CILIATED COLUMNAR CELLS

Question 12

Respiratory epithelium five major cell types:

move microbes and debris up and out of airways

Answer 12

CILIATED COLUMNAR CELLS

Question 13

Respiratory epithelium five major cell types:

Numerous and predominate in some areas with basal nuclei and apical domain

Answer 13

GOBLET CELLS

Question 14

Respiratory epithelium five major cell types:

with granules of mucin glycoprotein

Answer 14

GOBLET CELLS

Question 15

Respiratory epithelium five major cell types:

secrete mucin and create protective mucus layer

Answer 15

GOBLET CELLS

Question 16

Respiratory epithelium five major cell types:

much less numerous

Answer 16

BRUSH CELLS

Question 17

Respiratory epithelium five major cell types:

columnar cell type

Answer 17

BRUSH CELLS

Question 18

Respiratory epithelium five major cell types:

sparse, blunt microvilli

Answer 18

BRUSH CELLS

Question 19

Respiratory epithelium five major cell types:

chemosensory receptors resembling gustatory cells

Answer 19

BRUSH CELLS

Question 20

Respiratory epithelium five major cell types:

detect small particles of bacterial protein

Answer 20

BRUSH CELLS

Question 21

Respiratory epithelium five major cell types:

difficult to distinguish in routine preparations

Answer 21

SMALL GRANULE CELLS (KULCHITSKY CELLS)

Question 22

Respiratory epithelium five major cell types:

possess numerous dense core granules 100-300 nm in diameter

Answer 22

SMALL GRANULE CELLS (KULCHITSKY CELLS)

Question 23

Respiratory epithelium five major cell types:

are part of the diffuse neuroendocrine system (DNES)

Answer 23

SMALL GRANULE CELLS (KULCHITSKY CELLS)

Question 24

Respiratory epithelium five major cell types:

represent 3% of the cells

Answer 24

SMALL GRANULE CELLS (KULCHITSKY CELLS)

Question 25

Respiratory epithelium five major cell types: production of lipid for the mucus layer above epithelium

Answer 25

SMALL GRANULE CELLS (KULCHITSKY CELLS)

Question 26

Respiratory epithelium five major cell types: mitotically active stem and progenitor cells

Answer 26

BASAL CELLS

Question 27

Respiratory epithelium five major cell types: give rise to other epithelial cells

Answer 27

BASAL CELLS

Question 28

Chemoreceptors for the sense of smell are located in the

Answer 28

olfactory epithelium

Question 29

specialized region of the mucous membrane covering the superior conchae at the roof of the nasal cavity

Answer 29

OLFACTORY EPITHELIUM

Question 30

are bipolar neurons present throughout this epithelium.

Answer 30

OLFACTORY NEURONS

Question 31

nuclei form an irregular row near the middle of this thick epithelium.

Answer 31

OLFACTORY NEURONS

Question 32

apical (luminal) pole of each olfactory cell is its dendrite end and has a knoblike swelling with about a dozen basal bodies, from which long cilia project into the overlying aqueous layer

Answer 32

OLFACTORY NEURONS

Question 33

These cilia have nonmotile axonemes and collectively provide a large surface for transmembrane chemoreceptors

Answer 33

OLFACTORY NEURONS

Question 34

The receptors respond to ______ by generating an action potential along the axons extending from the basal ends of these neurons

Answer 34

odoriferous substances

Question 35

The axons leave the epithelium and unite in the lamina propria as very small nerves that then pass to the brain through foramina in the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone.

Answer 35

OLFACTORY NEURONS

Question 36

are columnar, with narrow bases and broad, cylindrical apexes containing the nuclei and extending microvilli into the fluid layer

Answer 36

SUPPORTING CELLS

Question 37

Well-developed junctional complexes bind the supporting cells to the olfactory cells

Answer 37

SUPPORTING CELLS

Question 38

Well-developed junctional complexes bind the supporting cells to the olfactory cells

Answer 38

SUPPORTING CELLS

Question 39

they express abundant ion channels, which help maintain a microenvironment conducive to olfactory function and survival.

Answer 39

SUPPORTING CELLS

Question 40

are small, spherical, or cone-shaped cells near the basal lamina.

Answer 40

BASAL CELLS

Question 41

These are the stem cells for the other two types, replacing the olfactory neurons every 2-3 months and support cells less frequently

Answer 41

BASAL CELLS

Question 42

are bilateral cavities in the frontal, maxillary, ethmoid, and sphenoid bones of the skull

Answer 42

PARANASAL SINUSES

Question 43

are lined with a thinner respiratory epithelium having fewer goblet cells.

Answer 43

PARANASAL SINUSES

Question 44

Unlike the stratified squamous epithelium of the oropharynx, the ______ is the respiratory epithelium, and its mucosa contains the medial pharyngeal tonsil and the openings of the two auditory tubes which connect to each middle ear cavity.

Answer 44

nasopharynx lining

Question 45

PHARYNX:

Answer 45

OROPHARYNX NASOPHARYNX

Question 46

PHARYNX: stratified squamous epithelium

Answer 46

OROPHARYNX

Question 47

PHARYNX: Respiratory epithelium

Answer 47

NASOPHARYNX

Question 48

PHARYNX: Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Answer 48

NASOPHARYNX