Nervous System

Question 1

Anatomic division:

Answer 1

CNS
PNS

Question 2

Anatomic division:

brain and spinal cord

Answer 2

CNS

Question 3

Anatomic division:

nerves outside CNS and associated ganglia

Answer 3

PNS

Question 4

Functional division:

Answer 4

Sensory
Motor (somatic and autonomic)

Question 5

Two types of cell:

Answer 5

Nerve cells (neurons)
Glial (neuroglial) cells

Question 6

Two types of cell:

conduct impulses

Answer 6

Nerve cells (neurons)

Question 7

Two types of cell:

support, nurture, protect neurons

Answer 7

Glial (neuroglial) cells

Question 8

Connective tissue investments:

Answer 8

Epineurium
Perineurium
Endoneurium

Question 9

the layer of fibrous dense connective tissue (fascia) that forms the external coat of the nerves.

Answer 9

Epineurium

Question 10

surrounds each bundle of nerve fibers (fascicle).

Answer 10

Perineurium

Question 11

is a thin layer of reticular fibers, produced mainly by Schwann cells, that surrounds individual nerve fibers.

Answer 11

Endoneurium

Question 12

CELLS:

Answer 12

NEURONS
NEUROGLIAL CELLS

Question 13

Cell body, multiple dendrites, single axon

Answer 13

NEURONS

Question 14

Morphologic classification of Neurons

Answer 14

Unipolar, bipolar, multipolar, pseudounipolar

Question 15

Functional classification of Neurons

Answer 15

Sensory, interneurons, Motor

Question 16

Astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, Schwann cells, microglia, ependymal cells

Answer 16

NEUROGLIAL CELLS

Question 17

large, spherical, and pale staining and is centrally located, abundant euchromatin and a large nucleolus (owl-eye nucleus)

Answer 17

nucleus

Question 18

nucleus, cytoplasmic organelles and inclusions, cytoskeletal components

Answer 18

Neuronal cell body (soma, perikaryon)

Question 19

_____ receive stimuli from sensory cells, axons, or other neurons and convert these signals into small electrical impulses (action potentials) that are transmitted toward the soma

Answer 19

Dendrites

Question 20

arborized terminals (except in bipolar neurons)

Answer 20

Dendrites

Question 21

Lack golgi complex in cytoplasm

Answer 21

Dendrites

Question 22

Organelles are reduced in number or absent near the terminals except for mitochondria which are abundant

Answer 22

Dendrites

Question 23

_____ conduct impulses away from the soma to the axon terminals without any diminution in their strength.

Answer 23

AXONS

Question 24

Some axons are as long as _____ cm.

Answer 24

100

Question 25

originate from the axon hillock,( lacks RER, ribosomes, Golgi cisternae, and Nissl bodies but contains many microtubules and neurofilaments)

Answer 25

AXONS

Question 26

______ lacks a Golgi complex but contains SER, RER, and elongated mitochondria

Answer 26

Axoplasm

Question 27

______ terminate in many small branches (axon terminals) from which impulses are passed to another neuron or other types of cells

Answer 27

Axons

Question 28

some neurons in the CNS; dorsal root and sympathetic ganglia.

Answer 28

Melanin-containing granules

Question 29

increase in number with age.

Answer 29

Lipofuscin-containing granules

Question 30

occasionally are present

Answer 30

Lipid droplets

Question 31

(10 nm in diameter) are abundant and run throughout the soma cytoplasm; intermediate filaments

Answer 31

Neurofilaments

Question 32

(24 nm in diameter) are also present in the soma cytoplasm

Answer 32

Microtubules

Question 33

(actin filaments 6 nm in diameter) are associated with the plasma membrane.

Answer 33

Microfilaments

Question 34

Protect and support the neurons

Answer 34

NEUROGLIAL CELLS

Question 35

largest of the neuroglial cells

Answer 35

Astrocytes

Question 36

scavenge ions and debris from neuron metabolism and supply energy for metabolism

Answer 36

Astrocytes

Question 37

Types of Astrocytes

Answer 37

Protoplasmic astrocytes (gray mater) Fibrous astrocytes (white mater)

Question 38

Needed for the survival of neurons in the CNS

Answer 38

OLIGODENDROCYTES

Question 39

produce myelin sheath for CNS

Answer 39

OLIGODENDROCYTES

Question 40

both gray matter and white matter.

Answer 40

OLIGODENDROCYTES

Question 41

possess a small, round, condensed nucleus and only a few short processes

Answer 41

OLIGODENDROCYTES

Question 42

flat cells with only a few mitochondria and a small Golgi region

Answer 42

Schwann cells

Question 43

they protect and insulate neurons by providing myelin sheath for PNS

Answer 43

Schwann cells

Question 44

a single ______ can only insulate a single axon, whereas a single _______ may insulate several axons.

Answer 44

Schwann cell, oligodendrocyte

Question 45

small, phagocytic neuroglial cells that are derived from the mononuclear phagocytic cell population in the bone marrow

Answer 45

Microglia

Question 46

condensed, elongated nucleus and many short, branching processes

Answer 46

Microglia

Question 47

epithelial cells that line the neural tube and ventricles of the brain

Answer 47

Ependymal cells

Question 48

May possess cilia, which aid in moving the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

Answer 48

Ependymal cells

Question 49

distributed throughout the body as an integrated communications network

Answer 49

NERVOUS TISSUE

Question 50

highly irritable and conducts waves of excitation as nerve impulses

Answer 50

NERVOUS TISSUE

Question 51

Transmits nerve impulses to the CNS from sensory receptors

Answer 51

SENSORY [AFFERENT]

Question 52

Transmits impulses from the CNS to effector organs (muscle and gands)

Answer 52

MOTOR (SOMATIC AND AUTONOMIC)[EFFERENT]

Question 53

voluntary nervous system

Answer 53

Somatic

Question 54

involuntary system

Answer 54

Automatic

Question 55

numerous long processes and conducts impulses

Answer 55

NERVE CELLS (NEURONS)

Question 56

support, nurture, protect neurons

Answer 56

GLIAL (NEUROGLIAL) CELLS

Question 57

has single process Ex. spinal ganglia

Answer 57

UNIPOLAR NEURONS

Question 58

- possess 1 axon - 1 dendrite - present in several sense organs

Answer 58

BIPOLAR NEURONS

Question 59

- possess a single axon and more than one dendrite - most common type Ex. neuron of vertebrates

Answer 59

MULTIPOLAR NEURON