Connective Tissue Part III

Question 1

dense layer forms the outside of the bone

Answer 1

compact bone

Question 2

spongelike meshwork consisting of trabeculae

Answer 2

spongy bone (cancellous bone)

Question 3

The spaces within the meshwork are continuous and occupied by marrow and blood vessels.

Answer 3

spongy bone (cancellous bone)

Question 4

longer in one dimension
e.g., humerus, femur

Answer 4

Long bones

Question 5

nearly equal in length and diameter

Answer 5

Short bones

Question 6

Have compact, spongy bone and a marrow space on the inside

Answer 6

Short bones

Question 7

Articular surfaces are covered with hyaline cartilage

Answer 7

Short bones

Question 8

Examples are carpals, tarsals, patella

Answer 8

Short bones

Question 9

thin and platelike bones

Answer 9

Flat bones

Question 10

Examples are parietal bone, scapula, sternum

Answer 10

Flat bones

Question 11

Thick compact bone with an intervening layer of spongy bone

Answer 11

Flat bones

Question 12

Examples are vertebrae, hip bones, ethmoid bone

Answer 12

Irregular bones

Question 13

tendons

Answer 13

Sesamoid bones

Question 14

Is an outer fibrous sheath of dense regular connective tissue covering of the bone except articular surface.

Answer 14

Periosteum

Question 15

Two layers of Periosteum

Answer 15

outer fibrous layer
an inner cellular (osteogenic) layer

Question 16

is well defined If active bone formation is in progress

Answer 16

inner cellular (osteogenic) layer of Periosteum

Question 17

The relatively few ______ are capable of undergoing division and becoming osteoblasts under appropriate stimulus.

Answer 17

periosteal cells

Question 18

Collagen fibers from ligaments and tendons extend directly into the bone tissue, where they are continuous with the collagen fibers of the extracellular matrix of the bone tissue.

Answer 18

Sharpey’s fibers

Question 19

The marrow cavity and the spaces in spongy bone contain ____

Answer 19

bone marrow

Question 20

normally restricted to the spaces of spongy bone in the adult

Answer 20

Red bone marrow

Question 21

consists mostly of fat cells

Answer 21

yellow marrow

Question 22

can revert to red marrow e.g. extreme blood loss

Answer 22

yellow marrow

Question 23

Mature Bone/Lamellar bone is composed of cylindrical units called

Answer 23

Osteons or Haversian systems

Question 24

osteons consist of concentric lamellae of bone matrix surrounding a central canal, the osteonal (Haversian) canal, which contains the vascular and nerve supply of the osteon.

Answer 24

Mature Bone/lamellar bone

Question 25

Within the bone matrix are spaces called ______, each containing osteocyte.

Answer 25

lacunae

Question 26

The osteocyte extends numerous processes into small tunnels called ________.

Answer 26

canaliculi

Question 27

communicate by gap junctions with other osteocytes

Answer 27

canaliculi

Question 28

generally arranged in a radial pattern with respect to the Haversian canal

Answer 28

canaliculi

Question 29

serves for the passage of substances between the osteocytes and blood vessels

Answer 29

canaliculi

Question 30

Between the osteons are remnants of previous concentric lamellae called

Answer 30

interstitial lamellae

Question 31

_______ follow the entire inner and outer circumferences of the shaft of a long bone

Answer 31

Circumferential lamellae

Question 32

This is where blood vessels and nerves travel from the periosteal and endosteal surfaces to reach the osteonal canal; they also connect osteonal canals to one another

Answer 32

Perforating canals (Volkmann’s canals)

Question 33

not surrounded by concentric lamellae

Answer 33

Perforating canals (Volkmann’s canals)

Question 34

CELLS OF BONE TISSUE:

Answer 34

osteoprogenitor cells, osteoblasts, osteocytes, Osteoclasts

Question 35

bone tissue Cells are surrounded by matrix - ____ water - ____ protein - ____ mineral salts

Answer 35

25% 25% 50%

Question 36

derived from mesenchymal stem cells

Answer 36

Osteoprogenitor Cells

Question 37

is a resting cell that can differentiate into an osteoblast and secrete bone matrix

Answer 37

Osteoprogenitor Cells

Question 38

Morphologically, they comprise the periosteal cells that form the innermost layer of the periosteum and the endosteal cells that line the marrow cavities, the osteonal (Haversian) canals, and the perforating (Volkmann’s) canals.

Answer 38

Osteoprogenitor Cells

Question 39

is the differentiated bone-forming cell that secretes bone matrix /type I collagen and bone matrix proteins (BMPs)

Answer 39

Osteoblast

Question 40

processes communicate with other osteoblasts and with osteocytes by gap junctions.

Answer 40

Osteoblast

Question 41

Are mature bone cells derived from osteoblasts that became trapped in lacunae

Answer 41

Osteocytes

Question 42

They are responsible for maintaining the bone matrix.

Answer 42

Osteocytes

Question 43

synthesize new matrix, as well as participate in matrix degradation → maintain calcium homeostasis

Answer 43

Osteocytes

Question 44

arranged with their long axes in the same direction as the lamellae.

Answer 44

Osteocytes

Question 45

Are multinucleated cells originating from granulocyte-macrophage progenitors

Answer 45

Osteoclasts

Question 46

Play a role in bone resorption

Answer 46

Osteoclasts

Question 47

Are bone-resorbing cells present on bone surfaces where bone is being removed or remodeled

Answer 47

Osteoclasts

Question 48

a shallow bay called a _________ can be observed in the bone directly under the osteoclast.

Answer 48

resorption bay (Howship’s lacuna)