Blood Vessels

Question 1

De novo formation of blood vessels during embryogenesis?

Answer 1

vasculogenesis

Question 2

the process of new vessel formation in the mature organism; neovascularization?

Answer 2

angiogenesis

Question 3

remodeling of existing arteries in response to chronic changes in pressure or flow?

Answer 3

arteriogenesis

Question 4

smooth muscle cells that are not contractile but able to divide?

Answer 4

neointimal

Question 5

a clinically significant hypertension?

Answer 5

> 139/>89

Question 6

accelerated or malignant hypertension?

Answer 6

> 200/120

Question 7

“hardening of the arteries” and loss of elasticity?

Answer 7

arteriosclerosis

Question 8

a form of arteriosclerosis and an example of dystrophic calcification; affects medium muscular arteries of arms and legs?

Answer 8

Monkeberg’s medial calcific sclerosis

Question 9

characterized by intimal lesions called atheromas protruding into vessel lumens?

Answer 9

atherosclerosis

Question 10

an acute phase reactant, downstream of a number of inflammatory triggers; induces a prothrombotic state; strongly predicts risk of MI or stroke?

Answer 10

C reactive protein

Question 11

the major mechanism of atherogenesis?

Answer 11

hemodynamic disturbances, lipids, inflammation, infection

Question 12

a localized abnormal dilation of a blood vessel or the heart?

Answer 12

aneurysm

Question 13

aneurysm involving an intact attenuated arterial wall or thinned ventricular wall of the heart?

Answer 13

true aneurysm

Question 14

defect in the vascular wall leading to an extravascular hematoma freely communicating with intravascular space?

Answer 14

false aneurysm

Question 15

2 most important disorders predisposing to aortic aneurysms?

Answer 15

atherosclerosis and hypertension

Question 16

aneurysms in the circle of willis?

Answer 16

berry aneuryms

Question 17

the major risk factor of aortic dissection?

Answer 17

hypertension

Question 18

the most common form of vasculitis in old people in US/Europe; chronic, granulomatous inflammation of large to small sized arteries predominately in head (nodular intimal thickening)?

Answer 18

giant cell (temporal) arteritis

Question 19

tongue necrosis?

Answer 19

giant cell arteritis

Question 20

a systemic vasculitis of small or medium sized muscular arteries; 30% associated with chronic Hep B?

Answer 20

polyarteritis nodasa

Question 21

segmental transmural necrotizing inflammation?

Answer 21

PAD

Question 22

a necrotizing vasculitis; t cell mediated hypersensitivity rxn; PR3 ANCAs in up to 95% of cases?

Answer 22

wegener granulomatosis

Question 23

strawberry gingivitis; palatal ulcers and perforation?

Answer 23

wegener granulomatosis

Question 24

segmental, thrombosing, acute and chronic inflammation of medium and small arteries; radial and tibial arteries; almost exclusively in heavy smokers?

Answer 24

thromboangiitis obliterans (buerger disease)

Question 25

exaggerated vasocontriction of digital arteries and arterioles?

Answer 25

Raynaud phenomenom

Question 26

abnormally dilated, tortuous veins?

Answer 26

varicose veins

Question 27

pain elicited by forced dorsiflexion of the foot as a sign of thrombophlebitis?

Answer 27

Homan sign

Question 28

development conditions?

Answer 28

vascular ectasia (nevus flammeus); enchephalotrigeminal angiomatosis (sturge weber syndrome); vascular malformation

Question 29

reactive vascular proliferation?

Answer 29

pyogenic granuloma

Question 30

benign neoplasms?

Answer 30

hemangioma; lymphangioma

Question 31

malignant neoplasms?

Answer 31

angiosarcoma; kaposi sarcoma

Question 32

a generic term for any local dilation of a structure?

Answer 32

estasia

Question 33

a permanent dilation of pre-existing small vessels forming a red lesion, usually in the skin or mucous membrane?

Answer 33

telangiectasia

Question 34

the most common form of vascular estasia, as a flat lesion on the head or neck?

Answer 34

nevus flammeous

Question 35

facial port vein nevi; ipsilateral venous angioma in the cortical leptomeninges; mental retardation, seizure, hemiplegia?

Answer 35

sturge weber syndrome; enchephalotrigeminal angiomatosis

Question 36

leptomeningeal vascular malformation; atrophy and calcification of brain?

Answer 36

sturge weber syndrome; enchephalotrigeminal angiomatosis

Question 37

uncommon errors of vascular mophogenesis; not a neoplasm?

Answer 37

vascular malformations

Question 38

is vascular malformation present at birth?

Answer 38

yes

Question 39

is hemangioma present at birth?

Answer 39

not always

Question 40

does vascular malformation exhibit rapid increase in size?

Answer 40

no

Question 41

does hemangioma exhibit rapid increase in size?

Answer 41

yes

Question 42

does vascular malfomation exhibit involution?

Answer 42

no

Question 43

does hemangioma exhibit involution?

Answer 43

yes

Question 44

a common, fast growing lesion of the skin and mucous membranes; focal reactive growth of fibrovascular or granulation tissue w/ extensive endothelial cell proliferation?

Answer 44

pyogenic granuloma

Question 45

most common soft tissue tumors of infancy?

Answer 45

hemangioma

Question 46

cavernous lymphangioma?

Answer 46

cystic hygroma

Question 47

polyvinyl chloride: a carcinogen associated with...

Answer 47

angiosarcoma

Question 48

an endothelial marker of angiosarcoma?

Answer 48

CD31

Question 49

a vascular neoplasm associated with human herpesvirus 8; high association with AIDS?

Answer 49

kaposi sarcoma

Question 50

most common locations in mouth of AIDS associated type kaposi sarcoma?

Answer 50

palate and gingiva