Flashcards in Blood Vessels Deck (50)
1
De novo formation of blood vessels during embryogenesis?
vasculogenesis
2
the process of new vessel formation in the mature organism; neovascularization?
angiogenesis
3
remodeling of existing arteries in response to chronic changes in pressure or flow?
arteriogenesis
4
smooth muscle cells that are not contractile but able to divide?
neointimal
5
a clinically significant hypertension?
>139/>89
6
accelerated or malignant hypertension?
> 200/120
7
"hardening of the arteries" and loss of elasticity?
arteriosclerosis
8
a form of arteriosclerosis and an example of dystrophic calcification; affects medium muscular arteries of arms and legs?
Monkeberg's medial calcific sclerosis
9
characterized by intimal lesions called atheromas protruding into vessel lumens?
atherosclerosis
10
an acute phase reactant, downstream of a number of inflammatory triggers; induces a prothrombotic state; strongly predicts risk of MI or stroke?
C reactive protein
11
the major mechanism of atherogenesis?
hemodynamic disturbances, lipids, inflammation, infection
12
a localized abnormal dilation of a blood vessel or the heart?
aneurysm
13
aneurysm involving an intact attenuated arterial wall or thinned ventricular wall of the heart?
true aneurysm
14
defect in the vascular wall leading to an extravascular hematoma freely communicating with intravascular space?
false aneurysm
15
2 most important disorders predisposing to aortic aneurysms?
atherosclerosis and hypertension
16
aneurysms in the circle of willis?
berry aneuryms
17
the major risk factor of aortic dissection?
hypertension
18
the most common form of vasculitis in old people in US/Europe; chronic, granulomatous inflammation of large to small sized arteries predominately in head (nodular intimal thickening)?
giant cell (temporal) arteritis
19
tongue necrosis?
giant cell arteritis
20
a systemic vasculitis of small or medium sized muscular arteries; 30% associated with chronic Hep B?
polyarteritis nodasa
21
segmental transmural necrotizing inflammation?
PAD
22
a necrotizing vasculitis; t cell mediated hypersensitivity rxn; PR3 ANCAs in up to 95% of cases?
wegener granulomatosis
23
strawberry gingivitis; palatal ulcers and perforation?
wegener granulomatosis
24
segmental, thrombosing, acute and chronic inflammation of medium and small arteries; radial and tibial arteries; almost exclusively in heavy smokers?
thromboangiitis obliterans (buerger disease)
25
exaggerated vasocontriction of digital arteries and arterioles?
Raynaud phenomenom
26
abnormally dilated, tortuous veins?
varicose veins
27
pain elicited by forced dorsiflexion of the foot as a sign of thrombophlebitis?
Homan sign
28
development conditions?
vascular ectasia (nevus flammeus); enchephalotrigeminal angiomatosis (sturge weber syndrome); vascular malformation
29
reactive vascular proliferation?
pyogenic granuloma
30
benign neoplasms?
hemangioma; lymphangioma
31
malignant neoplasms?
angiosarcoma; kaposi sarcoma
32
a generic term for any local dilation of a structure?
estasia
33
a permanent dilation of pre-existing small vessels forming a red lesion, usually in the skin or mucous membrane?
telangiectasia
34
the most common form of vascular estasia, as a flat lesion on the head or neck?
nevus flammeous
35
facial port vein nevi; ipsilateral venous angioma in the cortical leptomeninges; mental retardation, seizure, hemiplegia?
sturge weber syndrome; enchephalotrigeminal angiomatosis
36
leptomeningeal vascular malformation; atrophy and calcification of brain?
sturge weber syndrome; enchephalotrigeminal angiomatosis
37
uncommon errors of vascular mophogenesis; not a neoplasm?
vascular malformations
38
is vascular malformation present at birth?
yes
39
is hemangioma present at birth?
not always
40
does vascular malformation exhibit rapid increase in size?
no
41
does hemangioma exhibit rapid increase in size?
yes
42
does vascular malfomation exhibit involution?
no
43
does hemangioma exhibit involution?
yes
44
a common, fast growing lesion of the skin and mucous membranes; focal reactive growth of fibrovascular or granulation tissue w/ extensive endothelial cell proliferation?
pyogenic granuloma
45
most common soft tissue tumors of infancy?
hemangioma
46
cavernous lymphangioma?
cystic hygroma
47
polyvinyl chloride: a carcinogen associated with...
angiosarcoma
48
an endothelial marker of angiosarcoma?
CD31
49
a vascular neoplasm associated with human herpesvirus 8; high association with AIDS?
kaposi sarcoma
50