Head and Neck

Question 1

most common ulcer of the mouth; 20% of population; recurrent; painful

Answer 1

recurrent aphthous ulcers (canker sore)

Question 2

acute gingivostomatitis

Answer 2

HSV primary infection

Question 3

best recognized form of candidal infection; adherent white plaque; caused by broad spectrum antibiotics/immunosuppression; mild burning sensation/unpleasant taste

Answer 3

acute pseudomembranous candidiasis

Question 4

red, macule, burning sensation, tongue as the most common site, diffuse atrophy of dorsal tongue papillae; maybe caused by broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy

Answer 4

erythematous candidiasis

Question 5

erythematous candidiasis; referred to as “median rhomboid glossitis” in the past; well-defined area of redness, mid-posterior dorsal tongue; asymptomatic

Answer 5

central papillary atrophy

Question 6

least common from of candidiasis; anterior buccal mucosa; resemble leukoplakia; complete resolution of the lesion after antifungal therapy

Answer 6

chronic hyperplastic candidiasis

Question 7

red, fissured lesions of corners of mouth; loss of vertical dimension as one of predisposing factors; usually related to candidiasis but other bacterial microflora may be admixed

Answer 7

angular cheilitis

Question 8

a benign reactive lesion rather than neoplastic origin; focal fibrous hyperplasia; occurs anywhere that persistant chronic tissue irritation occurs

Answer 8

irritation fibroma

Question 9

a common, fast growing, reactive lesion; surface ulcerated; bleeds easily; 75% of cases in gingiva

Answer 9

oral pyogenic granuloma

Question 10

a white patch or plaque that cannot be scrapped off and cannot be characterized clinically or pathologically as any other disease; premalignant lesion (most common of oral cavity)

Answer 10

leukoplakia

Question 11

a white lesion induced by chronic mechanical irritation; essentially a “callous”

Answer 11

frictional keratosis

Question 12

a frictional keratosis induced by chewing habit

Answer 12

morsicatio buccarum

Question 13

keratotic change of the palatal mucosa in heavy smokers

Answer 13

nicotine stomatitis

Question 14

necrotic epithelium can be peeled away in contrast to frictional keratosis

Answer 14

chemical burn

Question 15

a chronic inflammatory mucocutaneous disease; white, keratotic lesions; “Wickham” striae;

Answer 15

Lichen Planus

Question 16

can affect any site, but worrisome sites are tongue, floor of the mouth, and soft palate; homogenous white or speckled appearance

Answer 16

oral leukoplakia

Question 17

important predisposing factors to leukoplakia

Answer 17

tobacco; alcohol; immunosuppression; HPV

Question 18

red patch that cannot be clinically or pathologically diagnosed as any other condition; greater presence of dysplasia than leukoplakia

Answer 18

erythroplakia

Question 19

well-demarcated velvety, red plaque; floor of mouth, tongue, and soft palate as most common sites; 90% will show dysplasia; epithelial atrophy with lack of keratin production

Answer 19

erythroplakia

Question 20

6th most common cancer worldwide; more than 95% of all oral malignancies

Answer 20

oral squamous cell carcinoma

Question 21

leukoplakic, erythroplakic, ulcerated, exophytic, endophytic

Answer 21

OSCC

Question 22

a low grade malignant epithelial tumor; characterized by a thick, wart-like surface texture; most common in smokeless tobacco users

Answer 22

verrucous carcinoma

Question 23

papillary surface architecture; parakeratin clefting; broad, pushing rete ridges; minimal atypia

Answer 23

verrucous carcinoma

Question 24

a pathologic cavity lined by epithelium

Answer 24

cyst

Question 25

cyst with no epithelial lining

Answer 25

pseudocyst

Question 26

a cyst located above the thyroid gland and beneath the base of the tongue derived from remnants of the embryonic thyroglossal tract; most common developmental cyst in the neck; in midline of neck

Answer 26

thyroglossal duct cyst

Question 27

on the lateral aspect of neck; developmental cyst; derived from epithelium entrapped within lymphoid tissue of the neck during embryologic development of the 2nd branchial cleft

Answer 27

cervical lymphoepithelial cyst (branchial cyst)

Question 28

a tumor with paraganglia cell differentiation; cluster of neuroendocrine cells associated with SNS and PNS; most common location is adrenal medulla; greater in people living at high altitudes

Answer 28

paraganglioma (carotid body tumor)

Question 29

nests (zellballen) of round to oval chief cells surrounded by delicate vascular septae

Answer 29

paraganglioma

Question 30

a subjective sensation of a dry mouth

Answer 30

xerostomia

Question 31

inflammation of the salivary glands

Answer 31

sialadenitis

Question 32

most common viral sialadentitis

Answer 32

mumps

Question 33

most common bacterial cause of sialadentitis

Answer 33

S. aureus

Question 34

mucus spillage into the soft tissues due to rupture of a minor salivary gland duct; caused by local trauma; fluid filled lesion that is often blue or translucent; lower lip is the most common location

Answer 34

mucous extravasation phenomenon (mucocele)

Question 35

a mucocele in the floor of the mouth

Answer 35

ranula

Question 36

calcified structure, develop within the salivary ductal system; most common location is submandibular gland

Answer 36

sialothiasis (salivary stones)

Question 37

most common site of salivary gland tumors

Answer 37

parotid gland

Question 38

most common sites for minor salivary gland tumors in order

Answer 38

palate upper lip buccal mucosa

Question 39

benign salivary gland tumors

Answer 39

pleomorphic adenoma and warthin tumor (papillary cystadenoma lymphamatosum)

Question 40

most common salivary neoplasm; painless, slow growing firm mass

Answer 40

pleomorphic adenoma

Question 41

mixture of ductal and myoepithelial elements; well circumscribed, encapsulated; ducts and cystic structures; myxoid, hyalinized, focal areas of fat, chondroid, and osteoid

Answer 41

pleomorphic adenoma

Question 42

2nd most common benign parotid tumor; almost exclusively in parotid; strong association with smoking

Answer 42

warthin tumor

Question 43

malignant salivary gland tumors may be associated with ..., ... or ...

Answer 43

paresthesia, tumor fixation or ulceration

Question 44

most common malignant salivary neoplasm in adults and children; parotid, most common site; symptomatic swelling; mixture of mucus-producing, epidermoid, and intermediate cells; cyst formation

Answer 44

mucoepidermoid carcinoma

Question 45

50% in minor salivary glands; pain as a common and important factor; bone destruction may be evident

Answer 45

adenoid cystic carcinoma

Question 46

3 major patterns of adenoid cystic carcinoma

Answer 46

cribriform, tubular and solid