Flashcards in CNS Deck (61)
Loading flashcards...
1
neural tube defect: no cerebral hemispheres
anencephaly
2
neural tube defect: meninges and brain don't close
encephalocele
3
neural tube defect: meninges don't close
cranial meningocele
4
neural tube defect: meninges and spinal cord; spina bifida
meningomyelocele
5
neural tube defect: meninges; spina bifida
spinal meningocele
6
neural tube defect: vertebral arches do not close; no herniation; hairy patch
spina bifida occulta
7
disorders of forebrain development: brain is not divided hemispheres
holoprosencephaly
8
holoprosencephaly can result in ...
cyclopia
9
disorders of forebrain development: many small gyri
polymicrogyria
10
disorders of forebrain development: no gryation
lissencephaly
11
disorders of forebrain development: brain cells not divided in organized layers
cerebral cortical dysplasia
12
"water on the brain" -too much CSF for whatever reason. usually obstruction in flow
hydrocephalus
13
posterior skull too small, structures impede CSF flow
Arnold-Chiari malformations
14
cystic cerebellar vermis (the middle part) causes outflow obstruction of CSF
Dandy-Walker malformation
15
also known as "Phakomatoses"; malformations and non-neoplastic and neoplastic growths of nervous system, skin, and other systems
neurocutaneous syndromes
16
gliomas and meningiomas; NF1 tumor suppressor gene; cafe au lait; lisch nodule
neurofibromatosis I
17
germinal matrix hemorrhage- common in extreme ...
prematurity
18
usually idiopathic, but can be caused by an assault on the brain (metabolic, infectious, trauma); lesion is often in temporal lobe; causes periods of clonus with unconsciousness
epilepsy
19
increased ICP; blood-brain barrier not intact; fluid seeps out of vessels; little lymphatic drainage
vasogenic cerebral edema
20
increased ICP: cells themselves swell with fluid due to injury
cytotoxic cerebral edema
21
increased ICP: cerebrum slips under the "falx"-a fold of dura at the top
subfalcine herniation
22
increased ICP: cerebrum slips under the "tentorium cerebelli"-a fold of dura at the sides, also known as "Uncal" from the actual area that is affected
transtentorial herniation
23
increased ICP: tonsils of cerebellum slip through foramen magnum
tonsillar herniations
24
Increased ICP: buildup of the CSF in ventricles, typically due to decreased outflow
hydrocephalus
25
in hydrocephalus: if cranial sutures are fused, results in ...
big ventricles and compressed brain matter
26
in hydrocephalus: if sutures are open, results in ...
increased head size
27
one treatment strategy for hydrocephalus is ... where a conduit is placed into the ventricles to drain fluid, either to an outside container or to peritoneal cavity in the abdomen
shunting
28
most due to atherosclerotic vascular disease; blurring between gray and white matter; red dead neurons; gliosis
cerebral infarcts
29
perfusion to entire brain is inadequate; results in ischemia
global hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy
30
