Soft Tissue

Question 1

The most common tumor of the oral cavity; probably not a true neoplasm; reactive lesion, secondary to trauma or chronic irritation

Answer 1

Fibroma

Question 2

F>M, 4th-6th decade; commonly located along the bite line of the buccal mucosa; sessile, smooth-surfaced pink nodule

Answer 2

fibroma

Question 3

variant of fibroma that feature both clinically and histologically unique features; unassociated with trauma or irritation

Answer 3

giant cell fibroma

Question 4

F>M, first 3 decades; most occur on gingiva, followed by tongue; sessile, often papillary nodule; features large, stellate-shaped or multinucleated fibroblasts

Answer 4

Giant cell fibroma

Question 5

reactive lesion that occurs secondary to irritation from an ill-fitting denture

Answer 5

epulis fissuratum

Question 6

any tumor of the gingiva or alveolar mucosa

Answer 6

epulis

Question 7

F>M, middle aged and older; single or multiple folds of firm, fibrous tissue located in the alveolar vestibule (usually anterior)

Answer 7

epulis fissuratum

Question 8

lesions can achieve large size; may be ulcerated; fibroepithelial polyp- pedunculated lesion of palate beneath maxillary denture

Answer 8

epulis fissuratum

Question 9

reactive process of the palate underneath a maxillary denture; associated with: ill-fitting denture, poor hygiene, wearing denture 24 hr/day; superimposed candidiasis

Answer 9

inflammatory papillary hyperplasia

Question 10

variable involvement of the hard palate; aymptomatic, erythematous lesion with a pebbly surface; had been seen on edentulous mandibular ridge or on epulis

Answer 10

inflammatory papillary hyperplasia

Question 11

may see pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia

Answer 11

inflammatory papillary hyperplasia

Question 12

common non-neoplastic proliferation of granulation tissue; not a true granuloma; response to local irritation or trauma; F>M, children and young adults; common during pregnancy

Answer 12

pyogenic granuloma

Question 13

rapidly growing, smooth or lobulated ulcerated mass; easily bleeds; any mucosal surface with most involving the gingiva

Answer 13

pyogenic granuloma

Question 14

relatively common reactive lesion of the gingiva; histologically identical to the central giant cell granuloma

Answer 14

peripheral giant cell granuloma

Question 15

F>M, 5th and 6th decades; bluish-purple lesion, exclusively on the gingiva or alveolar ridge; radiographic- may cause “cupping” resorption (saucerization)

Answer 15

peripheral giant cell granuloma

Question 16

relatively common reactive lesion, probably arising from periodontal ligament; this lesion is unrelated to the central ossifying fibroma; teenagers and young adults; maxilla>mandible; exclusively on the gingiva; frequently ulcerated

Answer 16

peripheral ossifying fibroma

Question 17

mineralization, consisting of bone, cementum-like, or dystrophic calcifications; ulcerated surface; 16% recurrence rate

Answer 17

peripheral ossifying fibroma

Question 18

benign tumor of fat; although rare in the oral/maxillofacial area, the lipoma is the most common mesenchymal neoplasm; unrelated to metabolism/body fat

Answer 18

lipoma

Question 19

F>M; soft nodule, most commonly involving the buccal mucosa; normal or yellow in color; well circumscribed, lobular arrangement of mature adipose tissue

Answer 19

lipoma

Question 20

reactive proliferation of neural tissue; not necessarily a true neoplasm; secondary to disruption of Schwann cell tube

Answer 20

Traumatic neuroma

Question 21

F>M, middle-aged adults; smooth surfaced, submucosal nodule; commonly involve the mental foramen area; may be symptomatic

Answer 21

traumatic neuroma

Question 22

benign neural tumor of schwann cell origin; uncommon, but often involve the head and neck

Answer 22

schwannoma

Question 23

oral tumors most commonly involve the tongue; may arise within bone, causing an expansile, unilocular radiolucency

Answer 23

schwannoma

Question 24

Schwannoma: Antoni _ tissue: Spindle-shaped schwann cells palisaded around central acellular areas (Verocay bodies)

Answer 24

A

Question 25

Schwannoma: Antoni _ tissue: Randomly arranged spindle cells against a myxomatous background; Ancient schwannoma

Answer 25

B

Question 26

the most common peripheral nerve neoplasm; tumor cells are a mixture of Schwann cells and fibroblasts

Answer 26

neurofibroma

Question 27

typically solitary, involving the tongue or buccal mucosa; may occur in bone; multiple lesions associated with neurofibromatosis

Answer 27

neurofibroma

Question 28

circumscribed proliferation of spindle-shaped (comma-shaped) cells against a background of delicate collagen fibers; variable numbers of mast cells

Answer 28

neurofibroma

Question 29

Relatively common autosomal dominant syndrome (50% new mutations) with variable expressivity

Answer 29

Neurofibromatosis (Von Recklinghausen's Disease of Skin)

Question 30

Type _ neurofibromatosis: bilateral acoustic neuroma (schwannoma of auditory nerve)

Answer 30

2

Question 31

multiple neurofibromas: small papules to large pendulous masses; plexiform neurofibroma; cafe au lait pigmentation (6 or more, smooth-edged, yellow-tan to brown macules)

Answer 31

neurofibromatosis

Question 32

crowe's sign (axillary freckling); lish nodules (pigment spots on the iris); CNS tumors, mental deficiency, seizures

Answer 32

neurofibromatosis

Question 33

oral lesions: enlargement of the fungiform papillae, neurofibromas; radiograph: enlargement of the mandibular foramen

Answer 33

neurofibromatosis

Question 34

5% or NF patients will develop _ or other tumors

Answer 34

neurofibrosarcoma

Question 35

Rare hereditary condition characterized by tumors or hyperplasias of neuroendocrine origin; inherited as an autosomal dominant trait or spontaneous mutation

Answer 35

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2B

Question 36

MEN type _: pancreatic islets, adrenal cortex, parathyroid glands, pituitary gland

Answer 36

1

Question 37

MEN type _: adrenal pheochromocytoma, medullary thyroid carcinoma

Answer 37

2

Question 38

MEN 2B: Mutation in the RET oncogene on chromosome _

Answer 38

10

Question 39

in addition to MEN type 2, MEN type 2B will present with multiple _ _

Answer 39

mucosal neuromas

Question 40

Marfanoid habitus; narrow face with thick, protruberant lips; small neuromas may involve the eyelid, conjunctiva, or cornea

Answer 40

MEN 2B

Question 41

Mucosal neuromas involving predominantly the lips or anterior tongue; sweating, hypertension, heart palpitations secondary to catecholamine production by pheochromocytoma

Answer 41

MEN 2B

Question 42

Urinary or serum calcitonin secondary to thyroid carcinoma; Epi/NE or VMA secondary to pheochromocytoma; Mucosal neuromas show hyperplasia of nerve bundles

Answer 42

MEN 2B

Question 43

MEN 2B: prophylactic thyroidectomy due to poor prognosis of _ _ _

Answer 43

medullary thyroid carcinoma

Question 44

Rare pigmented neoplasm of neural crest origin; it is typically a tumor of the first year of life

Answer 44

Melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy

Question 45

most involved the anterior maxilla; rapidly expansile, blue to black lesion; destruction of underlying bone

Answer 45

melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy

Question 46

High VMA, which return to normal after removal

Answer 46

melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy

Question 47

Biphasic cell population: small round cell, epithelioid cells with dark brown melanin pigment

Answer 47

melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy

Question 48

uncommon tumor that appears to be of schwann cell origin; significant predilection for the oral cavity; F>M; 4th to 6th decade; solitary lesion, primarily involving the dorsal tongue; asymptomatic sessile nodule

Answer 48

granular cell tumor

Question 49

large polygonal cells with granular cytoplasm; often show overlying pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia; S-100 positivity

Answer 49

Granular cell tumor

Question 50

Rare tumor of the alveolar ridge in newborns; unknown histogenesis; striking resemblance to granular cell tumor

Answer 50

congenital epulis (of the newborn)

Question 51

Females; pink to red, polypoid mass; most commonly found in the anterior maxilla

Answer 51

congenital epulis

Question 52

Histo similar to granular cell tumor except: No pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia, No S-100 positivity

Answer 52

congenital epulis

Question 53

benign proliferation of blood vessels; the most common tumor of infancy; rarely present at birth; 5-10% of 1 yr olds, F>M; raised nodular masses of skin; may be seen intraorally

Answer 53

hemangioma

Question 54

present at birth and persist throughout life; "port-wine stains"; venous vs arteriovenous; may occur in bone; mandible>maxilla

Answer 54

vascular malformation

Question 55

non-hereditary developmental condition characterized by vascular proliferations of the skin and brain; secondary to persistence of the vascular plexus around the cephalic portion of the neural tube

Answer 55

Sturge-weber angiomatosis

Question 56

nevus flammeus (port wine stain); may be seen intraorally; mental retardation, hemiplegia, convulsions; leptomeningeal angiomas; gyriform "tram-line" calcifications

Answer 56

sturge-weber angiomatosis

Question 57

port wine stain- dilated blood vessels within the dermis (capillary vascular malformation); gingival lesions may resemble pyogenic granuloma

Answer 57

sturge-weber angiomatosis

Question 58

benign tumor of lymphatic channels; 75% occur in the head and neck; cervical _ most commonly involve the posterior tongue

Answer 58

lymphangiomas

Question 59

Oral lesions of _: tongue is most common site; "Frog's eggs;" deeper tumors- Ill defined masses; alveolar _

Answer 59

lymphangiomas

Question 60

benign tumor of smooth muscle; typically a tumor of the uterus; any age; firm submucosal nodule; lips, palate, tongue, cheek; vascular lesions may appear bluish

Answer 60

leiomyoma

Question 61

solid- well circumscribed bundles of spindle-shaped nuclei with blunt-ended nuclei (cigar-shaped)

Answer 61

leiomyoma

Question 62

benign tumor of skeletal muscle; rare, but most involve the head and neck

Answer 62

rhabdomyoma

Question 63

_ rhabdomyoma: nodule or mass; floor of mouth, palate, base of tongue

Answer 63

adult

Question 64

_ rhabdomyoma: M>F, young children; face and preauricular region; haphazard arrangement of less mature, spindle-shaped cells

Answer 64

fetal

Question 65

malignant tumor of fibroblastic origin; typically a tumor of the extremities; children and young adults; slow-growing, initially painless mass; most commonly involve the nose and sinuses; "herring-bone pattern"

Answer 65

fibrosarcoma

Question 66

malignant tumor; 50% associated with neurofibromatosis; rare tumor of the head and neck area; young adults, sometimes rapidly growing mass; pain or paresthesia; may occur within bone

Answer 66

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor

Question 67

fascicles of atypical spindle-shaped cells; wavy nuclei; triton tumor

Answer 67

malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor

Question 68

vascular neoplasm that has become more common with the AIDS epidemic; associated with HHV-8;

Answer 68

kaposi's sarcoma

Question 69

_ Kaposi's: elderly adults; tumor of the lower extremities; slowly progressive, indolent tumor

Answer 69

classic

Question 70

_ kaposi's: benign nodular; aggressive; florid; lymphadenopathic

Answer 70

endemic (african)

Question 71

_ kaposi's: associated w/ organ transplant, especially renal; more aggressive

Answer 71

iatrogenic

Question 72

_ kaposi's: usually in homosexual males; decreasing in frequency; oral lesions common

Answer 72

AIDS-related

Question 73

malignant tumor of skeletal muscle; M>F, 1st decade (embryonal); potentially rapidly growing, infiltrative mass; orbit, nasal cavity, nasopharynx

Answer 73

rhabdomyosarcoma

Question 74

_ variant of rhabdomyosarcoma: polypoid growth; "grape-like"

Answer 74

botryoid