Flashcards in GI Path Deck (72)
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1
a thin, noncanalized cord replaces a segement of esophagus; congenital abnormality
atresia
2
atresia is most commonly at or near ...
the tracheal bifurcation
3
aspiartion, suffocation, pneumonia, and severe fluid and electrolytes imbalances; congenital abnormality
fistula
4
herniation of the abdominal viscera into the thoracic cavity due to incomplete formation of the diaphargm; pulmonary hypoplasia; congenital abnormality
diaphragmatic hernia
5
herniation of the abdominal viscera into a ventral membranous sac due to incomplete closure of the abdominal musculature; congenital abnormality
omphalocele
6
gastric mucosa in esophagus; congenital abnormality
ectopia
7
a true diverticulum as a blind outpouching of the alimentary tract communicating with the lumen and includes all 3 layers; congenital abnormality
meckel diverticulum
8
hyperplasia of the pyloric muscularis propria; increased risk with Turner syndrome and trisomy 18; regurgitation, projectile, nonbilious vomiting after feeding; erythromycin and azithromycin exposure and increased incidence; congenital abnormality
pyloric stenosis
9
idiopathic ledge-like protrusions of mucosa that may cause obstruction; associated with GI reflux, chronic graft vs host disease, or blistering skin diseases; nonprogressive dysphagia; esophagus
esophageal mucosal webs
10
upper esophagus webs; iron deficiency anemia; glossitis; and cheilosis; increased risk of cancer
plummer vinson syndrome
11
"failure to relax"; incomplete lower esophageal sphincter relaxation; aperistalsis; dysphagia, difficulty in belching, and chest pain; increased risk of esophageal cancer
achalasia
12
distal esophageal inhibitory neuronal degeneration
primary achalasia
13
chagas disease, tyrpanosoma cruzi infection causing myenteric plexus destruction; diabetic autonomic neuropathy; inflitrative disorders; lesions of dorsal motor nuclei; down syndrome; sjogren or autoimmune thyroid disease
secondary achalasia
14
mucosal tears near the gastroesophageal junction; associated with severe retching or vomiting secondary to acute alcohol intoxication
mallory-weiss tears
15
herpes simplex virus particularly in immunocompromised and candidiasis
infectious esophagitis
16
adherent gray-white pseudomembranes covering esophageal mucosa
candidiasis
17
punched out ulcers
esophagitis, herpes virus
18
most common cause of esophagitis
reflux of gatric contents into the lower esophagus (GERD)
19
most common cause of GERD
lower esophageal sphincter relaxation
20
treatment of GERD
proton pump inhibitors
21
major complication of GERD
Barrett esophagus
22
a congested subepithelial and submucosal venous plexi within the distal esophagus and proximal stomach; cause of esophageal bleeding
esophageal varices
23
most common cause of esophageal varices
portal hypertension
24
portal hypertension, in cirrhotic patient, most commonly associated with ...
alcoholic liver disease
25
2nd most common cause of esophageal varices
hepatic schistosomiasis
26
a complication of GERD characterized by columnar metaplasia within the esophageal squamous mucosa; increased risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma
Barret esophagus
27
most common benign tumor of esophagus
leiomyoma
28
malignant tumors of esophagus
adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma
29
more than 1/2 of all esophageal cancers in US; most cases from Barret esophagus (obesity related GERD)
adenocarcinoma
30
