Cancer Support - Breast Cancer Flashcards
(16 cards)
What is the lifetime risk of breast cancer in UK females and males?
1 in 7 females and 1 in 870 males.
What percentage of female breast cancer cases are considered preventable?
0.23
Which lifestyle factors are linked to breast cancer?
Overweight/obesity, alcohol intake, radiation exposure, hormonal factors (e.g., no breastfeeding).
What percentage of breast cancers are linked to BRCA1/BRCA2 mutations?
4–6% in females, 11–12% in males.
What hormonal imbalances contribute to breast cancer risk?
Oestrogen dominance and imbalanced oestrogen metabolites (high 4-OH-E1, 16α-OH-E1, low 2-OH-E1).
What lifestyle factors contribute to excess oestrogen?
Synthetic HRT, oral contraceptives, xenoestrogens, obesity, poor detoxification, constipation, dysbiosis.
What is the role of phase 1 oestrogen metabolism in breast cancer?
Supports production of protective 2-OH-E1 via CYP1A1; excess 4-OH-E1 and 16α-OH-E1 promote cancer.
What nutrients support phase 1 oestrogen metabolism?
Cruciferous vegetables, glutathione, turmeric, resveratrol, flaxseed, berries, rooibos tea.
How does phase 2 oestrogen metabolism reduce cancer risk?
Methylation (via COMT) converts metabolites to less reactive forms; reduces DNA damage.
What nutrients support phase 2 oestrogen metabolism?
Folate, B12, B6, SAMe, choline, betaine, glutathione.
What herbs and foods support oestrogen detoxification?
Cruciferous and allium vegetables, turmeric, citrus peel, antioxidants.
How does reishi mushroom support breast cancer?
Inhibits NF-κB and aromatase, reducing oestrogen-driven growth.
What is the benefit of dietary fibre in breast cancer?
Reduces circulating oestrogen, improves insulin sensitivity, and lowers beta-glucuronidase.
How does iodine help breast tissue?
Accumulates in breast tissue to protect cells and prevent oxidative damage.
What is breast thermography?
A non-invasive imaging technique that detects metabolic heat patterns without radiation exposure.
What is a limitation of mammography?
It exposes patients to radiation and false positives are relatively common.
