Cardio Drugs

Question 1

Primary HTN can be treated with (4):

Answer 1

1. diuretics 2. ACE inhibitors 3. ARBs 4. calcium channel blockers

Question 2

Treatment for HTN w/ CHF

Answer 2

1. diuretics 2. ACE inhibitors/ARBs 3. beta-blockers 4. aldosterone antagonists

Question 3

Beta-blockers are contraindicated in…

Answer 3

cardiogenic shock.

Question 4

HTN with diabetes mellitus should be treated with…

Answer 4

1. ACE inhibitors/ARBs 2. calcium channel blockers 3. diuretics 4. beta-blockers 5. alpha-blockers

Question 5

IN DM, ACE inhibitors and ARBs are protective against…

Answer 5

diabetic nephropathy.

Question 6

Dihydropyridine Calcium Channel Blockers

Answer 6

1. Amlodipine 2. Nimodipine 3. Nifedipine

Question 7

Non-Dihydropyridine Caclium Channel Blockers

Answer 7

1. Diltiazem 2. Verapamil

Question 8

Calcium Channel Blockers MOA

Answer 8

block voltage-dependent L-type calcium channels of cardiac and smooth muscle, thereby reducing muscle contractility

Question 9

Calcium channel blockers that have the most effect on vessels are…

Answer 9

amlodipine and nifedipine

Question 10

Calcium channel blockers that have the most effect on the heart are…

Answer 10

verapamil and diltiazem

Question 11

Clinical use of Dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers

Answer 11

-HTN -angina -raynaud

Question 12

Clinical use of Non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers

Answer 12

-HTN -angina -atrial fib/flutter

Question 13

Nimodipine is used for…

Answer 13

subarachnoid hemorrhage to prevent cerebral vasospasm.

Question 14

Toxicity of Calcium Channel Blockers

Answer 14

-cardiac depression -AV block -peripheral edema -flushing -dizziness -hyperprolactinemia -constipation

Question 15

Hydralazine MOA

Answer 15

-increased cGMP leads to smooth muscle relaxation. It vasodilates arterioles the most leading to afterload reduction.

Question 16

Clinical use of Hydralazine

Answer 16

-HTN, CHF -HTN in pregnancy (first-line with methyldopa) -frequently w/ beta-blockers to prevent reflex tachycardia

Question 17

Toxicity of Hydralazine

Answer 17

-compensatory tachycardia -fluid retention -nausea -HA -angina -Lupus like syndrome

Question 18

Commonly used drugs for hypertensive emergency are…

Answer 18

nitroprusside, nicardipine, clevidipine, labetalol, and fenoldopam.

Question 19

Nitroprusside features

Answer 19

-increase cGMP via direct release of NO -can cause cyanide toxicity

Question 20

Fenoldopam is a…

Answer 20

Dopamine D1 agonist that causes coronary, peripheral, renal and splanchnic vasodilation. Decreases BP and increases natriuresis.

Question 21

MOA of Nitroglycerin, isosorbide dinitrate

Answer 21

vasodilates by increased NO in vascular smooth muscle leading to increase in cGMP and smooth muscle relaxation. Dilates veins the most leading to decreased preload.

Question 22

Clinical use of Nitroglycerin, isosorbide dinitrate

Answer 22

-angina -acute coronary syndrome -pulmonary edema

Question 23

Toxicity of Nitroglycerin, isosorbide dinitrate

Answer 23

-reflex tachycardia -hypotension -flushing -headache

Question 24

Cholestyramine, Colestipol, Colesevelam

Answer 24

bile acid resins

Question 25

Ezetimibe

Answer 25

cholesterol absorption blocker

Question 26

Gemfibrozil, Clofibrate, Bezafibrate, Fenofibrate

Answer 26

Fibrates

Question 27

Digoxin is a...

Answer 27

cardiac glycoside.

Question 28

MOA of Digoxin

Answer 28

direct inhibition of Na/K ATPase leads to indirect inhibition of Na/Ca exchanger. Increased Ca is positive inotropy which stimulates the vagus nerve and decreases HR.

Question 29

Clinical use of Digoxin

Answer 29

CHF, a fib

Question 30

Toxicity of Digoxin

Answer 30

-Cholinergic effects -increased PR, decreased QT, ST scooping, Twave inverion, AV block, arrhythmia

Question 31

Antidote for Digoxin toxicity

Answer 31

-slowly normalize K -cardiac pacer -anti-digoxin Fab fragments -Mg

Question 32

Adenosine is an antiarrhythmic that works by...

Answer 32

increasing extracellular potassium leading to hyperpolarization and decreased influx of calcium

Question 33

Adenosine is the drug of choice for...

Answer 33

supraventricular tachycardia.

Question 34

Mg2+ is used for...

Answer 34

torsades de pointes and digoxin toxicity.