Chapter 11 Pt. 1 (Final Exam Pt. 1)

Question 1

What are the functions of blood?

Answer 1

transportation
protection
regulation

Question 2

the liquid matrix is called _______, and the cellular elements are collectively referred to as the ________ __________

Answer 2

plasma

formed elements

Question 3

_______ is a medium for transporting materials in the blood

Answer 3

plasma

Question 4

_______ carries away cellular waste

Answer 4

plasma

Question 5

What are plasma proteins?

Answer 5

make up 7% to 8% of plasma; help balance water flow between the blood and the cells

Question 6

What are the 3 plasma proteins?

Answer 6

albumins
globulins
clotting proteins

Question 7

Which plasma protein is this:

make up more than half of the plasma proteins

Answer 7

albumins

Question 8

Which plasma protein is this:

water balancing ability in blood

Answer 8

albumins

Question 9

Which plasma protein is this:

transportation

Answer 9

globulins

Question 10

Which plasma protein is this:

antibodies

Answer 10

globulins

Question 11

What constitutes formed elements?

Answer 11

red blood cells
white blood cells
platelets

Question 12

What are stem cells?

Answer 12

divide and give rise to all the formed elements

Question 13

Where do all formed elements originate from?

Answer 13

stem cell in the red bone marrow

Question 14

What is the function of Red Blood Cells (RBCs; erythrocytes)?

Answer 14

transport oxygen and carbon dioxide

Question 15

What is the function of Neutrophils (a type of white blood cell)?

Answer 15

consume bacteria by phagocytosis

Question 16

What is the function of Eosinophils (a type of white blood cell)?

Answer 16

consume antibody-antigen complex by phagocytosis: attack parasitic worms

Question 17

What is the function of Basophils (a type of white blood cell)?

Answer 17

Release histamine, which attracts white blood cells to the site of inflammation and widens blood vessels

Question 18

What is the function of Monocytes (a type of agranulocytes)?

Answer 18

give rise to macrophages, which consume bacteria, dead cells, and cell parts by phagocytosis

Question 19

What is the function of Lymphocytes (a type of agranulocytes)?

Answer 19

attack damaged or diseased cells or disease causing organisms; produce antibodies

Question 20

What is the function of Platelets?

Answer 20

play role in blood clotting

Question 21

Red blood cells (RBCs) are also known as ____________

Answer 21

erythrocytes

Question 22

red blood cells (RBCs) carry about 23%of the blood’s total _______ ________

Answer 22

carbon dioxide

Question 23

each red blood cell is packed with ___________

Answer 23

hemoglobin

Question 24

What is hemoglobin?

Answer 24

the oxygen-binding pigment responsible for the cells’ red color

Question 25

the hemoglobin molecule binds 200 times more readily to ________ _________

Answer 25

carbon monoxide

Question 26

What happens when carbon monoxide binds to the oxygen-binding sites on hemoglobin?

Answer 26

it blocks oxygen from binding to it, preventing the blood from carrying life-giving oxygen to the cells

Question 27

the compound formed when hemoglobin binds with oxygen is called ____________

Answer 27

oxyhemoglobin

Question 28

The structure of hemoglobin: -each hemoglobin molecule consists of four __________ ______ (globins) - each polypeptide chain contains a _____ _____ with an iron atom that binds to oxygen - each hemoglobin molecule can carry up to ____ molecules of oxygen

Answer 28

polypeptide chains heme group four

Question 29

The structure of hemoglobin: -each hemoglobin molecule consists of ____ polypeptide chains (globins) - each polypeptide chain contains a heme group with an _____ atom that binds to _______ - each hemoglobin molecule can carry up to four molecules of _______

Answer 29

four iron oxygen

Question 30

the production of red blood cells is regulated by a negative feedback relationship between the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood and the production of ____________

Answer 30

erythropoietin

Question 31

What are the steps of erythropoietin?

Answer 31

(1) erythropoietin stimulates the red bone marrow to produce more red blood cells (2) more red blood cells are produced (3) increased oxygen delivery to tissues (4) inhibits erythropoietin release (5) decreased oxygen delivery to tissues (6) a decreased oxygen delivery to the kidney stimulates the kidney to release erythropoietin (7) increases erythropoietin release

Question 32

the _____ and ______ are the “graveyards” where worn-out red blood cells are removed form circulation

Answer 32

liver | spleen

Question 33

the remaining part of the heme is degraded to a yellow pigment, called ________, which is excreted by the liver in bile

Answer 33

bilirubin

Question 34

White blood cells are also known as __________

Answer 34

leukocytes

Question 35

Where are white blood cells produced?

Answer 35

in the red bone marrow

Question 36

certain types of white blood cells may then engulf the “offender” in a process called ___________

Answer 36

phagocytosis

Question 37

What are the 2 types of white blood cells?

Answer 37

(1) Granulocytes | (2) Agranulocytes

Question 38

Is this a Granulocytes or Agranulocytes: | have granules in their cytoplasm

Answer 38

Granulocytes

Question 39

Is this a Granulocytes or Agranulocytes: | lack cytoplasmic granules or have very small granules

Answer 39

Agranulocytes

Question 40

What are the different types of granulocytes?

Answer 40

neutrophils eosinophils basophils

Question 41

Which type of granulocyte is this: | the most abundant of all white blood cells

Answer 41

neutrophils

Question 42

Which type of granulocyte is this: | blood cell soldiers on the front lines

Answer 42

neutrophils

Question 43

Which type of granulocyte is this: | immediately begin to engulf microbes by phagocytosis

Answer 43

neutrophils

Question 44

Which type of granulocyte is this: | dead neutrophils make up pus

Answer 44

neutrophils

Question 45

Which type of granulocyte is this: | important against parasites

Answer 45

eosinophils

Question 46

Which type of granulocyte is this: | lessen allergies

Answer 46

eosinophils

Question 47

Which type of granulocyte is this: | play a role in some allergic reactions

Answer 47

basophils

Question 48

Which type of granulocyte is this: | release histamine, a chemical that attracts other white blood cells to the infection site

Answer 48

basophils

Question 49

What are the different types of agranulocytes?

Answer 49

monocytes | lymphocytes

Question 50

What is the difference between B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes?

Answer 50

B lymphocytes- give rise to plasma cells, which, in turn, produce antibodies T lymphocytes- specialized white blood cells that play roles in the body’s defense mechanism

Question 51

What are platelets?

Answer 51

are essential to blood clotting

Question 52

Platelets are also called __________

Answer 52

thrombocytes

Question 53

What is anemia?

Answer 53

a condition in which the blood’s ability to carry oxygen is reduced, can result from too little hemoglobin, too few red blood cells, or both

Question 54

What are disorders of red blood cells?

Answer 54

anemia

Question 55

What are disorders of white blood cells?

Answer 55

Infectious mononucleosis (mono) Leukemia

Question 56

What are the symptoms of anemia?

Answer 56

``` fatigue headaches dizziness paleness breathlessness ```

Question 57

What is the difference between iron-deficiency anemia and sickle-cell anemia?

Answer 57

iron-deficiency anemia- can result from a diet that contains too little iron, from an inability to absorb iron from the digestive system, or from blood loss sickle-cell anemia- an example of a hemolytic anemia resulting from abnormal hemoglobins

Question 58

What is Infectious mononucleosis (mono)?

Answer 58

a viral disease of the lymphocytes

Question 59

What are the symptoms of Infectious mononucleosis (mono)?

Answer 59

fever chills headache sore throat overwhelming sense of being ill

Question 60

What is Leukemia?

Answer 60

a cancer of white blood cells that causes their uncontrolled multiplication

Question 61

What are the symptoms of Leukemia?

Answer 61

result either from the insufficient number of normal blood components or from the invasion of organs by abnormal white blood cells may experience bone tenderness

Question 62

How do you treat Leukemia?

Answer 62

- radiation therapy - chemotherapy - transfusion of red blood cells and platelets - stem cells