Chapter 3 Pt. 3

Question 1

The ________ contains almost all of the cell’s genetic information

Answer 1

nucleus

Question 2

What is a nuclear envelope?

Answer 2

a double membrane that surrounds the nucleus and separates it from the cytoplasm

Question 3

What are nuclear pores?

Answer 3

openings in the envelope where communication between the nucleus and cytoplasm occur

Question 4

____________ are threadlike structures made of DNA and associated proteins

Answer 4

Chromosomes

Question 5

the ________ of chromosomes varies from one species to another

Answer 5

number

Question 6

What are chromatin?

Answer 6

genetic material in a dispersed state

Question 7

the chromatin and other contents of the nucleus constitute the __________

Answer 7

nucleoplasm

Question 8

What is the nucleolus?

Answer 8

a specialized region within the nucleus, forms and disassembles during the course of the cell cycle

Question 9

The nucleolus is not surrounded by a membrane but is simply a region where DNA has gathered to produce a type of RNA called ________ _____ (_____)

Answer 9

ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

Question 10

What are ribosomes?

Answer 10

sites where protein synthesis begins

Question 11

_________ ____ is a component of ribosomes

Answer 11

Ribosomal RNA

Question 12

Ribosomes may be suspended in the _________ (free ribosomes) or attached to the __________ _________ (bound ribosomes)

Answer 12

cytoplasm

endoplasmic reticulum

Question 13

Ribosomes may be suspended in the cytoplasm (_____ _________) or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum (_______ _________)

Answer 13

(free ribosomes)

bound ribosomes

Question 14

What is endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?

Answer 14

is part of an extensive network of channels connected to the nuclear envelope and certain organelles

Question 15

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is studded with _________.

Answer 15

ribosomes

Question 16

Proteins made by ribosomes bound to ER will be incorporated into __________ or eventually ________ by the ____

Answer 16

membranes
secreted
cell

Question 17

Proteins produced by ____ _________ (cytoplasm) will remain in the cell

Answer 17

free ribosomes

Question 18

Proteins produced by free ribosomes (________) will remain in the cell

Answer 18

cytoplasm

Question 19

smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) lacks _________

Answer 19

ribosomes

Question 20

______ _________ ________ (____) detoxifies alcohol and other drugs

Answer 20

smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)

Question 21

smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) produces ____________

Answer 21

phospholipids

Question 22

SER is used to make the ____ _________ (which must be replenished constantly)

Answer 22

RER membrane

Question 23

What is the Golgi complex?

Answer 23

the cell’s protein processing and packaging center

Question 24

The ______ ________ consists of a series of interconnected, flattened membranes sacs

Answer 24

Golgi complex

Question 25

What are lysosomes?

Answer 25

roughly spherical organelles consisting of a single membrane packed with about 40 different digestive enzymes

Question 26

When a cell engulfs a bacterium: (1) (2) lysome fuses with vesicle containing bacterium (3) lysosomal enzymes break the bacterium down into smaller molecules that diffuse into cytoplasm (4) some indigestible substances leave the cell by exocytosis (5) other indigestible substances remain in the cell

Answer 26

(1) Cell engulfs bacterium through phagocytosis

Question 27

When a cell engulfs a bacterium: (1) Cell engulfs bacterium through phagocytosis (2) (3) lysosomal enzymes break the bacterium down into smaller molecules that diffuse into cytoplasm (4) some indigestible substances leave the cell by exocytosis (5) other indigestible substances remain in the cell

Answer 27

(2) lysome fuses with vesicle containing bacterium

Question 28

When a cell engulfs a bacterium: (1) Cell engulfs bacterium through phagocytosis (2) lysome fuses with vesicle containing bacterium (3) (4) some indigestible substances leave the cell by exocytosis (5) other indigestible substances remain in the cell

Answer 28

(3) lysosomal enzymes break the bacterium down into smaller molecules that diffuse into cytoplasm

Question 29

When a cell engulfs a bacterium: (1) Cell engulfs bacterium through phagocytosis (2) lysome fuses with vesicle containing bacterium (3) lysosomal enzymes break the bacterium down into smaller molecules that diffuse into cytoplasm (4) (5) other indigestible substances remain in the cell

Answer 29

(4) some indigestible substances leave the cell by exocytosis

Question 30

When a cell engulfs a bacterium: (1) Cell engulfs bacterium through phagocytosis (2) lysome fuses with vesicle containing bacterium (3) lysosomal enzymes break the bacterium down into smaller molecules that diffuse into cytoplasm (4) some indigestible substances leave the cell by exocytosis (5)

Answer 30

(5) other indigestible substances remain in the cell

Question 31

What happens when lysosomes digest the obsolete parts of the cell?

Answer 31

(1) lysosome engulfs a damaged organelle | (2) lysosomal enzymes break down the organelle into smaller molecules that will return to the cytoplasm for reuse

Question 32

True or False: single kind of lysomal can be absent within the cell and still function

Answer 32

False; it can have devastating consequences

Question 33

Lysomal storage diseases are ________ and progress with ____.

Answer 33

inherited | age

Question 34

What is an example of a lysomal storage disease?

Answer 34

Tay-Sachs disease

Question 35

What is Tay-Sachs disease?

Answer 35

caused by the absence of the lysosomal enzyme hexosaminidase (Hex A) which breaks down lipids in nerve cells

Question 36

Tay-Sachs disease, by 4 to 5 years old it can cause _______ and ______

Answer 36

paralysis | death

Question 37

True or False: There is no cure for Tay-Sachs disease

Answer 37

True