Chapter 4 Pt. 5

Question 1

What are the 2 interacting factors that produce skin color?

Answer 1

1) the quantity and distribution of pigment

2) blood flow

Question 2

________ is pigment that is produced by cells called melanocytes at the base of the epidermis

Answer 2

melanin

Question 3

melanin is pigment that is produced by cells called __________ at the base of the epidermis

Answer 3

melanocytes

Question 4

What are the 2 kinds of melanin?

Answer 4

1) yellow-to-ted

2) black-to-brown

Question 5

Which type of melanin is more common?

Answer 5

black-to-brown melanin

Question 6

True or False: All people have about the same number of melanocytes

Answer 6

True

Question 7

What is the difference in skin color due to?

Answer 7

1) differences in the form of melanin produced
2) the size and number of pigment granules circulation
3) melanocytes

Question 8

Embarrassment —> _________ ______ _____—> blushing

Answer 8

increased blood flow

Question 9

lack of sleep leads to less oxygenated blood—> ________ __ _____ _____ —> dark circles under the eyes

Answer 9

leading to darker blood

Question 10

__________, respond to sun by increasing melanin production

Answer 10

melanocytes

Question 11

melanocytes, respond to sun by increasing _______ production

Answer 11

melanin

Question 12

The _________ gives rise to hair, nails, oil glands, sweat glands, and teeth

Answer 12

epidermis

Question 13

Hair has a ________ role

Answer 13

sensory

Question 14

Hair _________ associated with _____ ________ are sensitive to touch

Answer 14

receptors

hair follicles

Question 15

Hair consists of a _____ and a ____

Answer 15

shaft

root

Question 16

What is the difference between a shaft and root?

Answer 16

shaft-projects above the surface of the skin

root-extends below the surface into the dermis or hypodermis

Question 17

The root of the hair is embedded in the _____ _______

Answer 17

hair follicle

Question 18

_______ ____- a tiny smooth muscle, in the dermis, that is attached to the hair follicle

Answer 18

arrector pili

Question 19

What happens when the arrector pili contracts?

Answer 19

causes hair to stand up

Question 20

The arrector pili is associated with ____ and ____

Answer 20

fear

cold

Question 21

True or False: The nail itself is alive and has sensory receptors

Answer 21

False; the nail itself is dead and lacks sensory receptors

Question 22

_____ are also known as sensory “antennas”

Answer 22

Nails

Question 23

What are the three different types of glands?

Answer 23

1) Oil (sebaceous) glands
2) Sweat glands
3) Wax glands

Question 24

Which type of gland is this: are found virtually all over the body except on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet

Answer 24

Oil (sebaceous) glands

Question 25

Which type of gland is this: secrete sebum

Answer 25

Oil (sebaceous) glands

Question 26

Oil (sebaceous) glands are located in the _______.

Answer 26

dermis

Question 27

If the duct of the oil gland becomes blocked then _____ can occur

Answer 27

acne

Question 28

Which type of gland is this: produce sweat

Answer 28

Sweat glands

Question 29

Which type of gland is this: principal function, to help regulate body temperature by evaporating from the skin surface

Answer 29

Sweat glands

Question 30

Which type of gland is this: modified sweat glands found in the external ear canal

Answer 30

Wax glands

Question 31

Which type of gland is this: produces wax

Answer 31

Wax glands

Question 32

What is sweat?

Answer 32

largely water and some salts, lactic acid, vitamin C, and metabolic wastes (such as urea)

Question 33

What is wax?

Answer 33

protects the ear by trapping small particles

Question 34

What is homeostasis?

Answer 34

the ability to maintain a relatively stable internal environment despite changes in the surroundings

Question 35

Homeostasis is a ________ state

Answer 35

dynamic

Question 36

___________ means “to stay the same”

Answer 36

Homeostasis

Question 37

True or False: Homeostasis maintains absolute internal constancy

Answer 37

False; Homeostasis does not maintain absolute internal constancy

Question 38

_______ can result if homeostasis fails

Answer 38

illness

Question 39

Homeostasis depends on _____________ within the body

Answer 39

communication

Question 40

Communication, in homeostasis, is based on the ________ system and _________ system

Answer 40

nervous | endocrine

Question 41

When it comes to communication, in homeostasis, what does the nervous system and endocrine system do?

Answer 41

the nervous system, brings quick responses the endocrine system produces hormones, which bring slow long lasting change

Question 42

Homeostasis is maintained primarily through _________ ________ ___________

Answer 42

negative feedback mechanism

Question 43

__________ _________ ________- corrective measures that slow or reverse a variation from the normal value of a factor, and return the factor to its normal value

Answer 43

Negative Feedback Mechanisms

Question 44

The 3 components of homeostatic mechanisms: 1) a ________ detects a change and sends information to the control center 2) the _______ _______ integrates information from the receptors and directs the appropriate responses 3) the ________ brings about the necessary response

Answer 44

receptor control center effector

Question 45

What is the hypothalamus?

Answer 45

where the body’s temperature control center is located

Question 46

What is piloerection?

Answer 46

causes hairs to stand on end and thereby trapping an insulating layer of air near the body

Question 47

__________ is less effective in humans

Answer 47

piloerection

Question 48

What is the difference between hyperthermia and hypothermia?

Answer 48

hyperthermia- abnormally elevated body temperature (42 C and up) hypothermia- if the body’s temperature drops too far

Question 49

What are the symptoms of hyperthermia?

Answer 49

confusion and dizziness

Question 50

What are the symptoms of hypothermia?

Answer 50

disrupting nervous system function and temperature regulating mechanisms

Question 51

Hyperthermia is also known as _____ ______.

Answer 51

heat stroke