Chapter 12 Pt. 1 (Final Exam Pt. 3)

Question 1

cardiovascular system, consists of the ______ and the _______ _______

Answer 1

heart

blood vessels

Question 2

A muscular pump that contracts rhythmically and provides the force that moves the blood, is called?

Answer 2

heart

Question 3

What are blood vessels?

Answer 3

a system of tubules through which blood flows

Question 4

What is the blood cycle?

Answer 4

heart —> artery—> arterioles—> capillary—> venule—> vein

Question 5

What is the difference between veins and arteries?

Answer 5

Veins-carry blood back to the heart

Arteries- carry blood away from heart

Question 6

the hollow interior of a blood vessel, through which the blood flows, is called the ______

Answer 6

lumen

Question 7

___________, a lining that provides a smooth surface that minimizes friction so that the blood flows easily

Answer 7

endothelium

Question 8

the _______ and ___________ are characteristics of all blood vessels

Answer 8

lumen

endothelium

Question 9

What is the inner layer of a vein made of?

What is the middle layer of a vein made of?

What is the outer layer of a vein made of?

Answer 9

inner layer=endothelium

middle layer= smooth muscles & elastic fibers

outer layer=connective tissue

Question 10

What makes up a venule?

Answer 10

valve
connective tissue
endothelium

Question 11

What is the inner layer of an artery made of?

What is the middle layer of an artery made of?

What is the outer layer of an artery made of?

Answer 11

inner layer=endothelium

middle layer=smooth muscle and elastic fibers

outer layer=connective tissue

Question 12

Arterioles are made out of?

Answer 12

smooth muscle and endothelium

Question 13

Capillaries are made out of?

Answer 13

endothelium and lumen

Question 14

The elastic fibers in the middle layer of an artery have what 2 important functions?

Answer 14

(1) they help the artery tolerate the pressure shock caused by blood surging into it when the heart contracts
(2) they help maintain a relatively even pressure within the artery, despite large changes in the volume of blood passing through it

Question 15

What is an aorta?

Answer 15

the body’s main artery

Question 16

a pressure wave created by the alternate expansion and recoil of arteries, is called?

Answer 16

pulse

Question 17

What is a vasoconstriction?

Answer 17

a result of circular muscle contracting and the diameter of the lumen becomes narrower

Question 18

Does vasoconstriction increase or decrease blood flow?

Answer 18

decrease

Question 19

What is vasodilation?

Answer 19

a result of smooth muscle relaxing and the arterial lumen increasing in diameter

Question 20

Does vasodilation increase or decrease blood flow?

Answer 20

increase

Question 21

What is an aneurysm?

Answer 21

when the arterial wall becomes weakened, the pressure of the blood flowing through the weakened area may cause the wall to swell outward like a balloon

Question 22

What are the risk factors of an aneurysm?

Answer 22

• it bursts, causing blood loss

- forms blood clots

Question 23

What are arterioles?

Answer 23

the smallest arteries

Question 24

What are the 2 important regulatory roles of arterioles?

Answer 24

(1) they are the prime controllers of blood pressure

(2) serve as gatekeepers to the capillary networks

Question 25

What are capillaries?

Answer 25

are microscopic blood vessels that connect arterioles and venules

Question 26

True or False: capillaries combined cross-sectional area is enormous, much larger than arteries or veins

Answer 26

True

Question 27

What is the primary function of capillaries?

Answer 27

to exchange materials between the blood and the body cells

Question 28

What happens at the arterial end of a capillary?

Answer 28

blood pressure forces fluid out of the capillary to the fluid surrounding tissue cells

Question 29

What happens at the venous end of a capillary?

Answer 29

fluid is drawn back into the capillary by osmotic pressure

Question 30

True or False: capillaries are so wide that red blood cells can travel in groups

Answer 30

False; they are so NARROW that red blood cells must travel through them in single file

Question 31

What is a capillary bed?

Answer 31

a network of capillaries

Question 32

What is a pre capillary sphincter?

Answer 32

a ring of smooth muscle that surrounds the capillary where it branches off the arteriole and regulates blood flow into it

Question 33

What is a venule?

Answer 33

the smallest kind of vein

Question 34

True or False: the walls of the veins are thick

Answer 34

False; the walls of veins are thin

Question 35

What are the 3 mechanism move blood from lower parts of the body toward the heart?

Answer 35

(1) valves in veins prevent back flow of blood (2) contraction of skeletal muscles squeezes veins (3) breathing causes pressure changes that move blood toward the heart