Chapter 21 Pt. 3 Flashcards
(41 cards)
What is a mutation?
a change in DNA
What are the different types of mutations?
Point Mutations Insertion Deletion Inversion Duplication Silent Mutation Harmless Mutations
What type of mutation is this:
changes in one or a few nucleotide changes ; error in pairing during replication
Point Mutations
What type of mutation is this:
adding bases
Insertion
What type of mutation is this:
losing bases
Deletion
What type of mutation is this:
flipping of nucleotide position
Inversion
What type of mutation is this:
complete copies of genes
Duplication
What type of mutation is this:
codes for the same amino acids
Silent Mutation
What type of mutation is this:
changes amino acids in the sequence, but the change does not affect protein function
Harmless Mutations
Gene activity is affected by the _______ and ________ of the DNA.
coiling
uncoiling
Gene activity is affected by the coiling and uncoiling of the DNA :
_______= non expressed gene
_______= active gene
coiled
uncoiled
What is a promoter?
a specific sequence of DNA that is located adjacent to the gene it regulates
What are transcription factors?
regulatory proteins
__________ _______, binds to a promoter, which in turn allows RNA polymerase to bind to the promoter
transcription factors
transcription factors, binds to a _______, which in turn allows ____ _________ to bind to the promoter
promoter
RNA polymerase
transcription factors begins ___________ of the regulated genes
transcription
transcription factors can also bond to __________
enhancers
What are enhancers?
segments of DNA that increase the rate of transcription of certain genes
enhancers specify the _______ of expression
timing
enhancers specify a gene’s ________ to _______ ______
response
external signals
enhancers give ____________ _____ that affect gene expression
developmental cues
What is Genetic Engineering?
the manipulation of genetic material for human purposes
Genetic Engineering is part of ______________.
biotechnology
______________- a field in which scientists make controlled use of living cells to perform specific tasks
biotechnology
