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Biology 100 > Chapter 5 Pt. 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Pt. 2 Flashcards

(44 cards)

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1
Q

Why are fractures are more common in children?

A

because they have not peaked

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2
Q

What is the difference between a nondisplaced and displaced fracture?

A

nondisplaced fracture- the bone may or may not break completely through, but the ends remain aligned

displaced fracture- when the broken ends are not aligned

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3
Q

What is the difference between a closed fracture and open fracture?

A

closed fracture, the broken ends remain within the skin

open fracture, a broken end punctures the skin

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4
Q

Risk of bone infection is higher with what type of fracture?

A

a closed fracture

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5
Q

The steps of healing in a bone:

1)
2) a cartilaginous callus is formed by invading fibroblasts
3) Osteoblasts form new bone, converting the cartilaginous callus to a bony callus
4) the fracture is healed and bone is remodeled, restoring bone to original shape

A

1) within hours after the fracture, a blood clot forms

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6
Q

1) within hours after the fracture, a blood clot forms
2)
3) Osteoblasts form new bone, converting the cartilaginous callus to a bony callus
4) the fracture is healed and bone is remodeled, restoring bone to original shape

A

2) a cartilaginous callus is formed by invading fibroblasts

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7
Q

1) within hours after the fracture, a blood clot forms
2) a cartilaginous callus is formed by invading fibroblasts
3)
4) the fracture is healed and bone is remodeled, restoring bone to original shape

A

3) Osteoblasts form new bone, converting the cartilaginous callus to a bony callus

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8
Q

1) within hours after the fracture, a blood clot forms
2) a cartilaginous callus is formed by invading fibroblasts
3) Osteoblasts form new bone, converting the cartilaginous callus to a bony callus
4)

A

4) the fracture is healed and bone is remodeled, restoring bone to original shape

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9
Q

What is remodeling?

A

a lifelong process of bone deposition and breakdown

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10
Q

What is osteoclast?

A

breaks down bone, releasing calcium and other minerals that are reabsorbed by the body

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11
Q

Bone remodeling is a mechanism for regulating _____ _______ levels

A

blood calcium

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12
Q

Bone remodeling is a mechanism for regulating blood calcium levels.
Why is this important?

A

This is important because calcium has a role in the functioning of nerves and muscles as well as blood clotting

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13
Q

What are the two hormones that play part in both controlling bone remodeling and regulating blood levels of calcium?

A

1) Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)

2) Calcitonin

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14
Q

Is this Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) or Calcitonin:

is released when blood levels of calcium drop below normal

A

Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)

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15
Q

Is this Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) or Calcitonin:

causes calcium to be released from bone and reabsorbed into the blood

A

Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)

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16
Q

Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) is released by the __________ _______ found embedded in the tissues of the _______ ______

A

parathyroid glands

thyroid gland

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17
Q

Is this Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) or Calcitonin:

causes calcium to be released from bone and reabsorbed into the blood

A

Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)

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18
Q

Is this Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) or Calcitonin:

decreases blood calcium levels by causing calcium to be deposited in bone

19
Q

Is this Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) or Calcitonin:

is released when blood levels of calcium are above normal

20
Q

Calcitonin is released by the _______ ______

Study These Flashcards
A

thyroid gland

21
Q

_________ also functions in bone remodeling.

22
Q

What are the functions of Estrogen when it comes to bond remodeling?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • promotes the absorption of calcium from the digestive system
  • stimulates bone formation
  • impairs the ability of osteoclasts to break down bone
23
Q

What happens when the breakdown process occurs faster than the deposition of new tissue?

Study These Flashcards
A

a bone becomes weak and easy to break

24
Q

What is osteoporosis?

Study These Flashcards
A

a condition in which there is a progressive loss in bone density

25
What are the two main divisions of the human skeleton?
1) Axial Skeleton | 2) Appendicular Skeleton
26
The _____ _________ protects and supports our internal organs
Axial Skeleton
27
The Axial Skeleton includes:
- skull - vertebral column (back-bone) - bones of the chest region - sternum and ribcage
28
The Appendicular Skeleton includes:
- petrol girdle (shoulders) - pelvic girdle (pelvis) - limbs (arms and legs)
29
The _____ is the most complex body structure in the body
skull
30
Skulls contain ________
sinuses
31
What are sinuses?
air spaces, which make the head lighter in weight and serve as resonating chambers for the voice
32
What are the two sections that the brain is divided into?
1) Cranium | 2) Face
33
What are the functions of the cranium?
1) protects the brain 2) houses the structures of hearing 3) provides attachment sites for the muscles of the head and neck
34
What are the 8 bones that form the cranium?
1) Frontal Bone 2) Parietal Bones 3) Occipital Bone 4) Foramen Magnum 5) Fontanels 6) Temporal Bones 7) Sphenoid Bone 8) Ethnoid Bone
35
Which bone of the cranium is this: forms the forehead and the front of the brain case
Frontal Bone
36
Which bone of the cranium is this: forms the top and sides of the skull
Parietal Bones
37
Which bone of the cranium is this: lies at the back of the head and surrounds the foramen magnum
Occipital Bone
38
Which bone of the cranium is this: the opening through which the spinal cord passes
Foramen Magnum
39
Which bone of the cranium is this: membranous areas often referred to as “soft spots”
Fontanels
40
Which bone of the cranium is this: form our temples
Temporal Bones
41
Which bone of the cranium is this: serves as the cranium’s floor; has a bow-tie shape
Sphenoid Bone
42
Which bone of the cranium is this: the smallest bone in the cranium; separates the cranial cavity from the nasal cavity
Ethnoid Bone
43
________ are replaced by bone by the age of 2 years
Fontanels
44
What are the functions of the facial bones?
support several sensory structures and serve as attachments for most facial muscles

Biology 100 (58 decks)

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