Chapter 12 Pt. 3 (Final Exam Pt. 5)

Question 1

the lymphatic system consists of ______ and _________ _______

Answer 1

lymph

lymphatic vessels

Question 2

What is the difference between lymph and lymphatic vessels?

Answer 2

lymph- fluid identical to interstitial fluid

lymphatic vessels- through which the lymph flows

Question 3

What are the functions of the lymphatic system?

Answer 3

(1) return excess interstitial fluid to the bloodstream
(2) transport products of fat digestion from the small intestine to the bloodstream
(3) help defend against disease-causing organisms

Question 4

the _________ ___________ are microscopic, blind-ended tubules through which surplus tissue fluid enters the lymphatic system to be returned to the bloodstream

Answer 4

lymphatic capillaries

Question 5

How do lymphatic capillaries differ from blood capillaries?

Answer 5

(1) lymphatic capillaries end blindly

(2) lymphatic capillaries are much more permeable than blood capillaries

Question 6

What are the lymph nodes?

Answer 6

small bean-shaped structures that cleanse the lymph as it slowly filters through

Question 7

What are the lymphoid organs?

Answer 7

(1) tonsils
(2) right lymphatic duct
(3) thymus
(4) thoracic duct
(5) spleen
(6) lymph vessels
(7) lymph nodes
(8) payer’s patches
(9) red bone marrow

Question 8

____________ _________ is the single biggest killer of men and women in the U.S.

Answer 8

cardiovascular disease

Question 9

Why does cardiovascular disease affect more men than women?

Answer 9

women have higher levels of estrogen than men

Question 10

What is thrombus?

Answer 10

a stationary blood clot that forms along the wall of a blood vessel or within the heart that may obstruct blood flow

Question 11

What is embolism?

Answer 11

a blockage of a blood vessel where it can block blood flow and produce tissue death beyond that point

Question 12

What is hypertension?

Answer 12

high blood tension

Question 13

hypertension is often called the _______ ______

Answer 13

silent killer

Question 14

hypertension can damage the ______ and _______

Answer 14

heart

kidneys

Question 15

True or False: 90% of cases of hypertension have no known cause

Answer 15

True

Question 16

What is atherosclerosis?

Answer 16

a buildup of fatty substances in the walls of arteries, fueled by an inflammatory response

Question 17

An artery can be partially obstructed with _______

An artery can be completely obstructed with _______ and a ______ _____

Answer 17

plaque
plaque
blood clot

Question 18

What is coronary artery disease?

Answer 18

a condition in which the fatty deposits associated with atherosclerosis form within coronary arteries, the vessels that nourish the heart muscle

Question 19

a temporary shortage of oxygen to the heart is accompanied by ______ ______

Answer 19

angina pectoris

Question 20

What is angina pectoris?

Answer 20

chest pain

Question 21

What is coronary angiography?

Answer 21

a process that may be used to spot areas in the coronary arteries that have become narrowed by atherosclerosis

Question 22

What is a myocardial infarction?

Answer 22

a part of the heart muscle dies because of insufficient blood supply

Question 23

A myocardial infarction is also known as a ______ _______.

Answer 23

heart attack

Question 24

What is myocardial?

Answer 24

heart muscle

Question 25

What is infarct?

Answer 25

dead tissue

Question 26

What is a coronary thrombosis?

Answer 26

a blood clot has blocked a coronary artery

Question 27

What is the most common type of heart attack?

Answer 27

coronary thrombosis

Question 28

What are the symptoms of a heart attack?

Answer 28

``` chest pain (especially in men) nausea and dizziness ```

Question 29

What is heart failure?

Answer 29

a condition in which the heart is no longer an efficient pump

Question 30

What are the symptoms of heart failure?

Answer 30

shortness of breath fatigue weakness fluid accumulation in the lungs or limbs

Question 31

about 25% of all fatal heart attacks are caused by?

Answer 31

cigarette smoke

Question 32

How does nicotine negatively affect the heart?

Answer 32

- makes the heart beat faster and constricts blood vessels, raising blood pressure - makes platelets stick together, increasing the risk that abnormal blood clots will form

Question 33

How does carbon monoxide negatively affect the heart?

Answer 33

- lingers in the bloodstream for up to 6 hours | - lowers oxygen carrying capacity and delivery

Question 34

smoking increases the risk of developing atherosclerosis in two ways:

Answer 34

(1) it decreased the levels of protective cholesterol-transport particles called high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) (2) promotes cholesterol deposits by raising blood pressure

Question 35

What is high-density lipoproteins (HDLs)?

Answer 35

carry cholesterol to the liver, and remove cholesterol from cells