Chapter 13 Pt. 3 (Final Exam Pt. 8)

Question 1

Is a virus a living organism? Why or why not?

Answer 1

a virus is not a living organisms, because it cannot perform any life processes on it’s own

Question 2

True or False: viruses are smaller than bacteria

Answer 2

True

Question 3

viruses consist of a strand or strands of genetic material, either ____ or ____, surrounded by _______

Answer 3

DNA
RNA
capsid

Question 4

What is a capsid?

Answer 4

a coat of protein

Question 5

What makes up the structure of a typical virus?

Answer 5

glycoprotein
envelope
capsid
viral DNA

Question 6

Which structure of a typical virus is this:

stud the outside of the envelope

Answer 6

glycoprotein

Question 7

Which structure of a typical virus is this:

an outer membranous layer studded with glycoproteins; surrounds the capsid and viral DNA

Answer 7

envelope

Question 8

Which structure of a typical virus is this:

a coat of protein surrounds the viral DNA

Answer 8

capsid

Question 9

steps in viral replication:
(1) 
(2) penetration 
(3) production of viral genetic information and proteins 
(4) assembly of new viruses 
(5) release 
What is step 1, and what happens?

Answer 9

(1) attachment
- the virus attaches to a specific receptor on the host cell
- this is responsible for host specificity

Question 10

steps in viral replication:
(1) attachment 
(2) 
(3) production of viral genetic information and proteins 
(4) assembly of new viruses 
(5) release 
What is step 2, and what happens?

Answer 10

(2) penetration
- all or part of the virus enters the host cell
- in the case of animal cells, the entire virus enters the cell

Question 11

steps in viral replication:
(1) attachment 
(2) penetration 
(3)
(4) assembly of new viruses 
(5) release 
What is step 3, and what happens?

Answer 11

(3) production of viral genetic information and proteins

- the virus directs structures in the host cell to make parts of new viruses

Question 12

steps in viral replication:
(1) attachment 
(2) penetration 
(3) production of viral genetic information and proteins 
(4) 
(5) release 
What is step 4, and what happens?

Answer 12

(4) assembly of new viruses

- newly synthesized viral genetic information and proteins are used to form new viruses

Question 13

steps in viral replication:
(1) attachment 
(2) penetration 
(3) production of viral genetic information and proteins 
(4) assembly of new viruses 
(5) 
What is step 5, and what happens?

Answer 13

(5) release
- new viruses leave the cell
- some viruses leave by a process called budding (or shedding)

Question 14

What are the different types infections?

Answer 14

(1) Lytic Infection
(2) Persistent Infection
(3) Latent Infection/Primary Infection

Question 15

Which type of infection is this:
Rapid releases of new viruses from infected cell causes cell death.
Symptoms of the disease depend on which cells are killed.

Answer 15

Lytic Infection

Question 16

Which type of infection is this:

Slow release of new viruses allows the cell to remain alive and continue to produce new viruses for a prolonged period.

Answer 16

Persistent Infection

Question 17

Which type of infection is this:
Delay between infection and symptoms.
Virus is present in the cell without harming the cell.
Symptoms begin when the virus starts to actively replicate, and new viruses exiting the host cell can cause cell death.

Answer 17

Latent Infection/ Primary Infection

Question 18

What is the best way to fight viral infections?

Answer 18

vaccines

Question 19

What are protozoans?

Answer 19

single-celled eukaryotic organisms with a well-defined nucleus

Question 20

What are fungi?

Answer 20

are eukaryotic organisms with a well-defined nucleus in their cells

Question 21

True or False: Most fungal infections cannot be cured

Answer 21

False; most fungal infections can be cured

Question 22

What are parasitic worms?

Answer 22

multicellular animals that benefit from a close, prolonged relationship with their hosts while harming, bur usually not killing

Question 23

What is ascariasis?

Answer 23

caused by a large roundworm, ascaris, that is about the size of an earthworm

Question 24

What are prions?

Answer 24

infectious particles of proteins

Question 25

What are different ways that diseases spread?

Answer 25

- Direct Contact - Indirect Contact - Contaminated food or water - Animal Vectors - Intravenous Drug Use

Question 26

What is an epidemic?

Answer 26

a large-scale outbreak of an infectious disease

Question 27

What are some of the most notorious epidemics?

Answer 27

bubonic plague cholera diphtheria smallpox

Question 28

What is the difference between emerging and reemerging disease?

Answer 28

emerging disease- one with clinically distinct symptoms whose incidence has increased, particularly over the past two decades reemerging disease- one that has reappeared after a decline in incidence

Question 29

What are the 4 factors that play important roles in the emergence and reemergence of disease?

Answer 29

(1) development of new organisms that can infect humans and development of drug-resistant organisms (2) environmental change (3) population growth (4) failure to vaccinate

Question 30

What are the important factors determining where new infectious diseases will emerge?

Answer 30

(1) the rate of human population growth and the density of the human population (2) the number of species of wild mammals

Question 31

What is epidemiology?

Answer 31

the study of patterns of disease

Question 32

What is the difference between sporadic diseases, endemic diseases, and epidemic disease?

Answer 32

(1) sporadic diseases-occur only occasionally unpredictable intervals (2) endemic diseases- are always present in a population and pose little threat (3) epidemic disease- occurs suddenly and spreads rapidly to many people

Question 33

What is a pandemic?

Answer 33

a global outbreak of disease

Question 34

Which type of disease is this: | affect a few people within a restricted area

Answer 34

sporadic diseases

Question 35

Which type of disease is this: | common cold

Answer 35

endemic diseases

Question 36

Which type of disease is this: | smallpox and cholera

Answer 36

epidemic disease

Question 37

Which type of disease is this: | HIV/AIDS

Answer 37

pandemic