Chapter 2 Pt. 3

Question 1

What are lipids?

Answer 1

compounds that don’t dissolve in water

Question 2

What type of charge do lipids have?

Answer 2

nonpolar, no charge

Question 3

______ shows no attraction for ______ and vice versa

Answer 3

water

lipids

Question 4

What are the three types of lipids that are important to human health?

Answer 4

Triglyceride
Phospholipids
Steroids

Question 5

Which type of lipid is this:

compounds made of one molecule of glycerol and three fatty acids

Answer 5

Triglyceride

Question 6

What are fatty acids?

Answer 6

chains of carbon atoms also bonded to hydrogens and having the acidic group COOH at one end

Question 7

What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?

Answer 7

saturated fatty acids- have only single covalent bonds linking the carbon atoms

unsaturated fatty acids- fatty acids with one or more double bonds between carbon atoms

Question 8

Saturated fatty acids are saturated with _________.

Answer 8

hydrogen

Question 9

Why are saturated fatty acids saturated with hydrogen?

Answer 9

because their carbon atoms are bonded to as many hydrogen atoms as possible

Question 10

Unsaturated fatty acids are not saturated with _________

Answer 10

hydrogen

Question 11

What are trans fats?

Answer 11

partially hydrogenated fats

Question 12

Where are trans fats normally found?

Answer 12

in packaged snacks

Question 13

Which type of lipid is this:

consists of a molecule of glycerol bonded to two fatty acids and a negatively charged phosphate group

Answer 13

Phospholipids

Question 14

What is the different between hydrophobic or hydrophilic?

Answer 14

hydrophobic- the region made up of fatty acids is nonpolar

hydrophilic- containing glycerol, phosphate, and the variable group is polar

Question 15

Is this hydrophobic or hydrophilic:

aka water loving

Answer 15

hydrophilic

Question 16

Is this hydrophobic or hydrophilic:

aka water fearing

Answer 16

hydrophobic

Question 17

Phospholipids are arranged in a double layer called _______, with the __________ heads of each layer facing away from each other

Answer 17

bilayer

hydrophilic

Question 18

____________ are arranged in a double layer called bilayer, with the hydrophilic heads of each layer facing _____ from each other

Answer 18

Phospholipids

away

Question 19

Which type of lipid is this:

a type of lipid made up of four carbon rings attached to molecules that vary from one steroid to the next

Answer 19

Steroids

Question 20

What is the most familiar steroid?

Answer 20

Cholesterol

Question 21

_________ is a component of the plasma membrane

Answer 21

Cholesterol

Question 22

Cholesterol is a component of the ______ _________

Answer 22

plasma membrane

Question 23

__________ is the foundation for steroid hormones

Answer 23

Cholesterol

Question 24

Cholesterol ,in human blood, comes from our _____ and ____

Answer 24

liver

diet

Question 25

What is a protein?

Answer 25

a polymer made of one or more chains of amino acids

Question 26

How do protein chains look?

Answer 26

twisted, turned, and folded to produce complicated structures

Question 27

How many different amino acids are proteins made of?

Answer 27

are from a set of only 20 different amino acids

Question 28

What are amino acids?

Answer 28

the building blocks of proteins

Question 29

What is the difference between nonessential and essential amino acids?

Answer 29

nonessential amino acids- our bodies can synthesize essential amino acids- our bodies cannot synthesized

Question 30

How does the body obtain essential amino acids?

Answer 30

from the foods we eat

Question 31

What is a peptide?

Answer 31

chains containing only a few amino acids

Question 32

What is a depitide?

Answer 32

chains containing 2 amino acids

Question 33

What is a tripeptide?

Answer 33

chains containing 3 amino acids

Question 34

What is a polypeptide?

Answer 34

chains containing 10 or more amino acids

Question 35

Why do atoms form bonds?

Answer 35

because doing so moves them to a more stable energy state

Question 36

Atoms have a ___________ to attain complete shells, thus becoming more stable

Answer 36

propensity

Question 37

What is the chemical formula for oxygen?

Answer 37

O2

Question 38

What is the chemical formula for glucose?

Answer 38

C6 H12 O6

Question 39

Is sodium choloride an ionic or covalent bond?

Answer 39

ionic bond

Question 40

List the chemcial bonds from strongest to weakest.

Answer 40

Covalent Ionic Hydrogen

Question 41

How many protons does an atom of oxygen have?

Answer 41

8

Question 42

Life evolved in ______, then colonized land

Answer 42

water