Chapter 11: special senses

Question 1

what are the 5 special senses?

Answer 1

smell , taste, vision, hearing, equilibrium

Question 2

general senses receptor cells are what

Answer 2

modified dendritic endings of sensory neurons

Question 3

special senses receptor cells convert a stimulus into electrical signals that reach the brain via what?

Answer 3

cranial nerves

Question 4

chemical senses

Answer 4

detect chemicals in the external environment

Question 5

olfactory cells

Answer 5

the receptors that respond to chemicals in the air

Question 6

olfactory cells are unipolar bipolar or multipolar

Answer 6

bipolar

Question 7

olfactory epithelium

Answer 7

lines the roof of the nasal cavity

Question 8

to be smelled, an odorants molecules must be what

Answer 8

volatile (easily vaporized) and water soluble (so they can dissolve in the mucus layer coating the olfactory epithelium)

Question 9

olfactory signals that travel through the cribiform go to where

Answer 9

the olfactory bulb

Question 10

signals from the olfactory bulb travel to the brain along the what?

Answer 10

olfactory tract

Question 11

the sense organ for taste

Answer 11

taste bud

Question 12

taste buds contain what type of cells

Answer 12

gustatory cells and basal epithelial cells

Question 13

where are taste buds located

Answer 13

on the papillae of the tongue

Question 14

gustatory cells

Answer 14

modified epithelial cells that respond to chemicals in food and drink

Question 15

signals from gustatory cells travel to the brain along sensory neurons in cranial nerve what?

Answer 15

VII, IX, X

Question 16

purpose of saliva in gustation

Answer 16

dissolves substance to stimulate gustatory cells

Question 17

basal epithelial are cells that produce what

Answer 17

new gustatory cells

Question 18

what are the 5 primary tastes?

Answer 18

salt, sour, sweet, bitter, umami

Question 19

umami is a subtle taste which seems to be responsible for what

Answer 19

the beef taste and characteristic tang of aging cheese

Question 20

salt taste is produced by what ions

Answer 20

Na+ and k+

Question 21

sour taste is produced by what acids

Answer 21

hydrogen ions

Question 22

sweet and bitter tastes are produced by what

Answer 22

many different types of chemicals (most are organic)

Question 23

what elicits sweet taste?

Answer 23

sugar, alcohol, some amino acids

Question 24

some substances that taste bitter

Answer 24

alkaloids(caffeine) and long chain organic substances containing nitrogen

Question 25

what elicits the umami taste?

Answer 25

aspartate and glutatmate (amino acids)

Question 26

acid taste is indication of what?

Answer 26

rotting food

Question 27

bitter taste is indication of what?

Answer 27

toxic substances

Question 28

what are the sensory receptors for vision

Answer 28

rods and cones

Question 29

rods and cones are located where

Answer 29

in the retina

Question 30

vision receptors are what

Answer 30

neurons that respond to visible light

Question 31

rods give a person ____ vision

Answer 31

black and white

Question 32

cones give a person ____ vision

Answer 32

color

Question 33

sensory input about vision reaches the brain via

Answer 33

cranial nerve II

Question 34

concave lenses _____ light

Answer 34

diverge light (bend it outward)

Question 35

convex lenses

Answer 35

converge light rays (bend them together)

Question 36

what are the three small bones called?

Answer 36

auditory ossicles

Question 37

fluid that fills the bony labyrinth

Answer 37

perilymph

Question 38

fluid that fills the membranous labyrinth

Answer 38

endolymph

Question 39

bony labirynth consists of what

Answer 39

cochlea, vestibule, semicircular canal

Question 40

two parts of the cohlea

Answer 40

scala vestibule and scala tympani

Question 41

the receptors for hearing and equilibrium are what

Answer 41

modified epithelial calls called hair cells

Question 42

where are the hair cells of hearing found?

Answer 42

in the cochlear duct

Question 43

where are the hair cells of equilibrium found?

Answer 43

utricle ,saccule, and semicircular ducts

Question 44

the hair cells of equilibrium respond to what

Answer 44

changes in the position and movement of the head

Question 45

sensory input about both hearing and equilibrium reach the brain via

Answer 45

cranial nerve VIII (8)

Question 46

sensory adaptation

Answer 46

the decreased sensitivity of a sensory receptor to a sustained stimulus

Question 47

conduction deafness

Answer 47

caused by poor transmission of sound waves | -sound does not reach inner ear

Question 48

sensorineural deafness

Answer 48

-structures of the cochlea or the cochlear nerve do not function properly

Question 49

visual acuity

Answer 49

sharpness of vision

Question 50

astigmatism

Answer 50

caused by imperfections in the cornea

Question 51

accomodation

Answer 51

increasing the lens refractive power

Question 52

near point

Answer 52

the closes point at which an object can be brought into focus

Question 53

why does it take longer to detect the taste of sugar on a dry tongue

Answer 53

saliva is needed to dissolve the particles to help with taste

Question 54

what is the orientation of the image on the retina of the mechanical eye?

Answer 54

upside down and reversed

Question 55

does the shape or size of the pupil have an effect on the field of vision? does the shape or size of the pupil have an effect on the amount of light entering the mechanical eye?

Answer 55

no yes

Question 56

myopia (nearsightedness): cause and correction

Answer 56

eyeball is too long | -fix with a concave lense

Question 57

hyperopia (farsightedness): cause and correction

Answer 57

eyeball too short | -convex lense

Question 58

astigmatism: cause and correction

Answer 58

cornea uneven or wavy | -you need the opposite curves

Question 59

your blindspot falls on what

Answer 59

your optic disk

Question 60

why can a person with conduction deafness hear when the vibrating tuning fork is placed on his/her mastoid?

Answer 60

the temporal bones houses the inner ear so putting the fork on it vibrates the fluid within the inner ear moving the hairs in the inner ear