most of the remaining digestive tract organs have a mucosal epithelium of _______ rather than _______. n
simple columnar rather than nonkeratinized stratified epithelium (found in the esophagus)
peritoneum
serous membrane found in the abdominopelvic cavity
parietal peritoneum
line portions of the abdominopelvic cavity
visceral peritoneum
covers some of the organs in the abdominopelvic cavity
peritoneal cavity
between the parietal and visceral layers
-is filled with peritoneal fluid
function of peritoneal fluid
reduces friction as organs in the cavity move against one another
the esophagus enters the abdominal cavity through the esophageal foramen called the _____.
hiatus
three parts of the small intestine
duodenum
jejunum
ileum
the ileum is continuous with the _____.
large intestine
parts of the large intestine
cecum colon rectum anal canal anus
the colon is divided into an ______, ______, and ________.
ascending colon
transverse
descending colon
sigmoid colon
the anal canal and anus are found in the perineum, but not in the ________.
abdominopelvic cavity
the mucosa of the anal canal and anus is:
stratified squamous epithelium
submucosal plexus
controls digestive secretions and local blood flow
muscularis externa plexus
controls tract movements peristalsis and segmentation
liver functions
production of bile
bile
may go directly to the duodenum where it is used for the digestion of fats, if not needed for digestion it goes to the gallbladder to be stored
gallbladder
stores bile
pancreas
secretes digestive enzymes, bicarbonate solution, and hormones ( glucagon and insulin)
the effects growth hormone, thyroid hormone have on the tract are :
- motility
- the rate of secretion
- rate of absorption
the pancrease secretes two hormones ______ and ______ which are involved in regulating _________.
glucagon and insulin which are involved in regulating blood glucose levels
-The effects of these hormones are antagonistic
bile is produced by the _____
liver
esophagus
- abdominal part is about .5 inch in lengh
- passageway for food and fluid
stomach
- continuous with the esophagus
- passageway for food and fluids; does some digestion; site of temporary food storage
lesser curvature
inner curve of stomach
greater curvature
outer curve of the stomach
rugae
- folds of the stomachs mucosa and submucosa
- prevent tearing of the mucosa when the stomach expands
greater omentum
attached to greater curvature of stomach
-fat storage
pyloric sphincter
regulates rate at which chime leaves the stomach
small intestine
- has three parts
- passageway for food fluid
- site of most digestion and absorption
deuodenum
c shaped
- around 10 inches
- usually a bend where it joins the jejunum
jejunum
about 8 feet
ileum
around 12 feet
plicae circulares
folds of the small intestines mucosa and submucosa
-increases surface area
mesentery
- specific part of the peritoneum
- suspends the jejunum and ileum from the posterior body wall and prevents tangling
large intestine
passageway for food and fluid
-reabsorbs water and stores feces
ileocecal valve
prevents movement of cecal contents back into the ileum
ascending colon
on the right side going up
transverse colon
goes from right to left
descending colon
on the left side
sigmoid colon
s shape
-located in the pelvic cavity
rectum
anterior to the sacrum and coccyx
anal canal
regulates defecation
-around 1 inch long
anus
opening of the anal canal
falciform ligament
- specific part of the peritoneum
- attaches the liver to the diaphragm and the anterior body wall
liver
- located mostly on the right side of body
- has 4 lobes
- produces bile and performs many nondigestive functions
gallbladder
stores and concentrates bile
common hepatic duct
- tube extending from the liver
- bile passageway
cycstic duct
- tube extending from gallbladder
- bile passageway
bile duct
- tube formed whne the common hepatic and cystic ducts join
- extends to the duodenum
- bile passageway
pancreas
secretes digestive enzymes, bicarbonate solution, and hormones
rugae are found in the _____
stomach
most absorption of nutrients occurs in the ________.
small intestine
give three specific portions of the peritoneum
greater omentum
falciform ligament
mesentary
