Chapter 18: digestive structures in the abdominopelvic cavity and perineum

Question 1

most of the remaining digestive tract organs have a mucosal epithelium of _______ rather than _______. n

Answer 1

simple columnar rather than nonkeratinized stratified epithelium (found in the esophagus)

Question 2

peritoneum

Answer 2

serous membrane found in the abdominopelvic cavity

Question 3

parietal peritoneum

Answer 3

line portions of the abdominopelvic cavity

Question 4

visceral peritoneum

Answer 4

covers some of the organs in the abdominopelvic cavity

Question 5

peritoneal cavity

Answer 5

between the parietal and visceral layers

-is filled with peritoneal fluid

Question 6

function of peritoneal fluid

Answer 6

reduces friction as organs in the cavity move against one another

Question 7

the esophagus enters the abdominal cavity through the esophageal foramen called the _____.

Answer 7

hiatus

Question 8

three parts of the small intestine

Answer 8

duodenum
jejunum
ileum

Question 9

the ileum is continuous with the _____.

Answer 9

large intestine

Question 10

parts of the large intestine

Answer 10

cecum
colon
rectum
anal canal
anus

Question 11

the colon is divided into an ______, ______, and ________.

Answer 11

ascending colon
transverse
descending colon
sigmoid colon

Question 12

the anal canal and anus are found in the perineum, but not in the ________.

Answer 12

abdominopelvic cavity

Question 13

the mucosa of the anal canal and anus is:

Answer 13

stratified squamous epithelium

Question 14

submucosal plexus

Answer 14

controls digestive secretions and local blood flow

Question 15

muscularis externa plexus

Answer 15

controls tract movements peristalsis and segmentation

Question 16

liver functions

Answer 16

production of bile

Question 17

bile

Answer 17

may go directly to the duodenum where it is used for the digestion of fats, if not needed for digestion it goes to the gallbladder to be stored

Question 18

gallbladder

Answer 18

stores bile

Question 19

pancreas

Answer 19

secretes digestive enzymes, bicarbonate solution, and hormones ( glucagon and insulin)

Question 20

the effects growth hormone, thyroid hormone have on the tract are :

Answer 20

1. motility
2. the rate of secretion
3. rate of absorption

Question 21

the pancrease secretes two hormones ______ and ______ which are involved in regulating _________.

Answer 21

glucagon and insulin which are involved in regulating blood glucose levels
-The effects of these hormones are antagonistic

Question 22

bile is produced by the _____

Answer 22

liver

Question 23

esophagus

Answer 23

• abdominal part is about .5 inch in lengh

- passageway for food and fluid

Question 24

stomach

Answer 24

• continuous with the esophagus

- passageway for food and fluids; does some digestion; site of temporary food storage

Question 25

lesser curvature

Answer 25

inner curve of stomach

Question 26

greater curvature

Answer 26

outer curve of the stomach

Question 27

rugae

Answer 27

• folds of the stomachs mucosa and submucosa

- prevent tearing of the mucosa when the stomach expands

Question 28

greater omentum

Answer 28

attached to greater curvature of stomach

-fat storage

Question 29

pyloric sphincter

Answer 29

regulates rate at which chime leaves the stomach

Question 30

small intestine

Answer 30

• has three parts
• passageway for food fluid
• site of most digestion and absorption

Question 31

deuodenum

Answer 31

c shaped

• around 10 inches
• usually a bend where it joins the jejunum

Question 32

jejunum

Answer 32

about 8 feet

Question 33

ileum

Answer 33

around 12 feet

Question 34

plicae circulares

Answer 34

folds of the small intestines mucosa and submucosa

-increases surface area

Question 35

mesentery

Answer 35

• specific part of the peritoneum

- suspends the jejunum and ileum from the posterior body wall and prevents tangling

Question 36

large intestine

Answer 36

passageway for food and fluid

-reabsorbs water and stores feces

Question 37

ileocecal valve

Answer 37

prevents movement of cecal contents back into the ileum

Question 38

ascending colon

Answer 38

on the right side going up

Question 39

transverse colon

Answer 39

goes from right to left

Question 40

descending colon

Answer 40

on the left side

Question 41

sigmoid colon

Answer 41

s shape

-located in the pelvic cavity

Question 42

rectum

Answer 42

anterior to the sacrum and coccyx

Question 43

anal canal

Answer 43

regulates defecation

-around 1 inch long

Question 44

anus

Answer 44

opening of the anal canal

Question 45

falciform ligament

Answer 45

• specific part of the peritoneum

- attaches the liver to the diaphragm and the anterior body wall

Question 46

liver

Answer 46

• located mostly on the right side of body
• has 4 lobes
• produces bile and performs many nondigestive functions

Question 47

gallbladder

Answer 47

stores and concentrates bile

Question 48

common hepatic duct

Answer 48

• tube extending from the liver

- bile passageway

Question 49

cycstic duct

Answer 49

• tube extending from gallbladder

- bile passageway

Question 50

bile duct

Answer 50

• tube formed whne the common hepatic and cystic ducts join
• extends to the duodenum
• bile passageway

Question 51

pancreas

Answer 51

secretes digestive enzymes, bicarbonate solution, and hormones

Question 52

rugae are found in the _____

Answer 52

stomach

Question 53

most absorption of nutrients occurs in the ________.

Answer 53

small intestine

Question 54

give three specific portions of the peritoneum

Answer 54

greater omentum
falciform ligament
mesentary