Chapter 1

Question 1

six levels of organization in anatomy

Answer 1

chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

Question 2

movement caused by kinetic energy

Answer 2

kinetic motion

Question 3

a chemical reaction is more likely to occur at a higher or lower temperature

Answer 3

higher

Question 4

when evenly distributed, kinetic motion is equal in all directions and the particles are said to be in…

Answer 4

dynamic equilibrium

Question 5

net movement

Answer 5

more particles move from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration and vice versi (the particles are said to move with their concentration gradient)

Question 6

diffusion

Answer 6

the net movement of a substances particles with their concentration gradient

Question 7

pressure causes what

Answer 7

filtration

Question 8

filtration

Answer 8

the movement of particles across a membrane due to a pressure gradient (it will not be filtered if it cannot cross the membrane)

Question 9

basic cell functions

Answer 9

essential for cell survival and thus survival of the body

ex: producing ATP

Question 10

specialized cell function

Answer 10

performed by only one or a few types of cells
ex: contraction
specialized functions make it possible for cells to perform their basic functions

Question 11

homeostasis

Answer 11

maintaining variables of the internal environment within normal ranges

Question 12

basic or specialized cell functions maintain variables of the internal environment

Answer 12

specialized

Question 13

the functions certain cells perform to move air into and out of your lungs are basic or specialized functions

Answer 13

specialized

Question 14

another name for internal environment is

Answer 14

extracellular fluid

Question 15

anatomy

Answer 15

form and arrangement of body parts

Question 16

kinetic energy

Answer 16

energy of motion

Question 17

kinetic motion

Answer 17

movement caused by kinetic energy

Question 18

dynamic equilibrium

Answer 18

kinetic motion equal in all directions

Question 19

concentration gradient

Answer 19

unevenly distriputed particles

Question 20

net movement

Answer 20

moving from an area of higher conc. to lower concentration

Question 21

true or false: kinetic motion and diffusion are synonyms?

Answer 21

false

Question 22

true or false: all particles move with their concentration gradient

Answer 22

false

Question 23

the direction of diffusion depends on what

Answer 23

the concentration gradient

Question 24

pressure gradient

Answer 24

movement from area of higher pressure to lower pressure

Question 25

internal environment

Answer 25

fluid that surrounds the cells

Question 26

extra cellular fluid is composed of

Answer 26

blood and interstitial fluid

Question 27

intracellular fluid

Answer 27

fluid found within the cell

Question 28

solution

Answer 28

a mixture of a solvent and one or more solutes

Question 29

molarity

Answer 29

of moles of a solute in 1 liter solution

Question 30

oslmolarity

Answer 30

of osmoles of a solute in 1 liter solution

Question 31

osmole

Answer 31

one mole of dissolved solute particles

Question 32

osmolality

Answer 32

of osmoles of a solute in 1 kg of water

Question 33

Ions in ECF and ICF

Answer 33

``` sodium chloride bicarbonate potassium calcium phosphate ```

Question 34

gasses in ECF and ICF

Answer 34

oxygen carbon dioxide nitrogen

Question 35

other solutes in ECF and ICF

Answer 35

``` glucose amino acids urea cholesterol lactic acid bile salts ```

Question 36

superior (cranial)

Answer 36

toward, closer to the head

Question 37

inferior (caudal)

Answer 37

away from or further from the head

Question 38

anterior (ventral)

Answer 38

towards, closer to the belly

Question 39

posterior (dorsal)

Answer 39

away from , farther from the belly

Question 40

medial

Answer 40

towards or closer to the midline

Question 41

lateral

Answer 41

away from or farther from the midline

Question 42

proximal

Answer 42

towards or closer to the point of attachment to the trunk

Question 43

distal

Answer 43

away or farther from the point of attachment to the trunk

Question 44

superficial

Answer 44

towards or closer to the external surface of the body

Question 45

deep

Answer 45

away from or farther from the external surface of the body

Question 46

dorsal cavity

Answer 46

found in the posterior part of the body | -divided into cranial cavity and vertebral canal

Question 47

ventral cavity

Answer 47

found in anterior part of the body - where most of the vicera or internal organs reside - separated by the diaphragm into superior thoracic cavity and inferior abdominopelvic cavity

Question 48

mediastinum

Answer 48

separates the thoracic cavity into right and left compartments

Question 49

contents of the mediastinum

Answer 49

trachea, esophagus, heart, blood vessels

Question 50

abdominopelvic cavity

Answer 50

contains superior abdominopelvic cavity and inferior pelvic cavity

Question 51

organs found in the abdominopelvic cavity

Answer 51

digestive organs, urinary, and reproductive systems

Question 52

pleural membrane

Answer 52

lines the compartment and covers the lung

Question 53

pericardial membrane (pericardium)

Answer 53

covers the heart and lines the space in the mediastinum where the heart is found

Question 54

peritoneal membrane (peritoneum)

Answer 54

lines the abdominal cavity and covers many of the organs located in it

Question 55

parietal

Answer 55

lines the cavity

Question 56

visceral

Answer 56

covers the organs

Question 57

transverse plane

Answer 57

divides body into superior and inferior parts

Question 58

midsaggital

Answer 58

divides body into right and left halves

Question 59

sagittal

Answer 59

divides body into right and left parts

Question 60

frontal (coronal) plane

Answer 60

divides body into anterior and posterior or front and back

Question 61

dialysis

Answer 61

the diffusion of solute particles through dialysis tubing

Question 62

dialysate

Answer 62

the fluid in the beaker

Question 63

temperature effects diffusion rate because it determines the amount of ______ the dye particles have

Answer 63

kinetic energy

Question 64

at either temperature, KMnO4 or methylene blue had a fastest rate of diffusion

Answer 64

KMNO4

Question 65

the moleculare weights of the two dyes follow. 320 or 158. which molecular weight is methylene blue and why

Answer 65

320 because it has a slower rate of diffusion meaning its 'heavier'

Question 66

true or false the rate of diffusion was slower during the 30-60 minutes interval than during the 0-30 minute interval

Answer 66

true

Question 67

the ability of a particle to cross dialysis tubing is related to its ______?

Answer 67

molecular weight

Question 68

what determines the direction of diffusion

Answer 68

concentration gradient

Question 69

___ supplied the force that caused the solutes to move

Answer 69

kinetic energy

Question 70

what causes filtration

Answer 70

pressure

Question 71

higher or lower pressure will a greater rate of filtration

Answer 71

higher

Question 72

what factor determined whether or not a particle passed through the pores of the filter paper?

Answer 72

the size of pores