Chapter 1 Flashcards

(72 cards)

1
Q

six levels of organization in anatomy

A

chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

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2
Q

movement caused by kinetic energy

A

kinetic motion

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3
Q

a chemical reaction is more likely to occur at a higher or lower temperature

A

higher

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4
Q

when evenly distributed, kinetic motion is equal in all directions and the particles are said to be in…

A

dynamic equilibrium

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5
Q

net movement

A

more particles move from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration and vice versi (the particles are said to move with their concentration gradient)

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6
Q

diffusion

A

the net movement of a substances particles with their concentration gradient

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7
Q

pressure causes what

A

filtration

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8
Q

filtration

A

the movement of particles across a membrane due to a pressure gradient (it will not be filtered if it cannot cross the membrane)

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9
Q

basic cell functions

A

essential for cell survival and thus survival of the body

ex: producing ATP

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10
Q

specialized cell function

A

performed by only one or a few types of cells
ex: contraction
specialized functions make it possible for cells to perform their basic functions

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11
Q

homeostasis

A

maintaining variables of the internal environment within normal ranges

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12
Q

basic or specialized cell functions maintain variables of the internal environment

A

specialized

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13
Q

the functions certain cells perform to move air into and out of your lungs are basic or specialized functions

A

specialized

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14
Q

another name for internal environment is

A

extracellular fluid

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15
Q

anatomy

A

form and arrangement of body parts

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16
Q

kinetic energy

A

energy of motion

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17
Q

kinetic motion

A

movement caused by kinetic energy

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18
Q

dynamic equilibrium

A

kinetic motion equal in all directions

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19
Q

concentration gradient

A

unevenly distriputed particles

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20
Q

net movement

A

moving from an area of higher conc. to lower concentration

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21
Q

true or false: kinetic motion and diffusion are synonyms?

A

false

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22
Q

true or false: all particles move with their concentration gradient

A

false

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23
Q

the direction of diffusion depends on what

A

the concentration gradient

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24
Q

pressure gradient

A

movement from area of higher pressure to lower pressure

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25
internal environment
fluid that surrounds the cells
26
extra cellular fluid is composed of
blood and interstitial fluid
27
intracellular fluid
fluid found within the cell
28
solution
a mixture of a solvent and one or more solutes
29
molarity
of moles of a solute in 1 liter solution
30
oslmolarity
of osmoles of a solute in 1 liter solution
31
osmole
one mole of dissolved solute particles
32
osmolality
of osmoles of a solute in 1 kg of water
33
Ions in ECF and ICF
``` sodium chloride bicarbonate potassium calcium phosphate ```
34
gasses in ECF and ICF
oxygen carbon dioxide nitrogen
35
other solutes in ECF and ICF
``` glucose amino acids urea cholesterol lactic acid bile salts ```
36
superior (cranial)
toward, closer to the head
37
inferior (caudal)
away from or further from the head
38
anterior (ventral)
towards, closer to the belly
39
posterior (dorsal)
away from , farther from the belly
40
medial
towards or closer to the midline
41
lateral
away from or farther from the midline
42
proximal
towards or closer to the point of attachment to the trunk
43
distal
away or farther from the point of attachment to the trunk
44
superficial
towards or closer to the external surface of the body
45
deep
away from or farther from the external surface of the body
46
dorsal cavity
found in the posterior part of the body | -divided into cranial cavity and vertebral canal
47
ventral cavity
found in anterior part of the body - where most of the vicera or internal organs reside - separated by the diaphragm into superior thoracic cavity and inferior abdominopelvic cavity
48
mediastinum
separates the thoracic cavity into right and left compartments
49
contents of the mediastinum
trachea, esophagus, heart, blood vessels
50
abdominopelvic cavity
contains superior abdominopelvic cavity and inferior pelvic cavity
51
organs found in the abdominopelvic cavity
digestive organs, urinary, and reproductive systems
52
pleural membrane
lines the compartment and covers the lung
53
pericardial membrane (pericardium)
covers the heart and lines the space in the mediastinum where the heart is found
54
peritoneal membrane (peritoneum)
lines the abdominal cavity and covers many of the organs located in it
55
parietal
lines the cavity
56
visceral
covers the organs
57
transverse plane
divides body into superior and inferior parts
58
midsaggital
divides body into right and left halves
59
sagittal
divides body into right and left parts
60
frontal (coronal) plane
divides body into anterior and posterior or front and back
61
dialysis
the diffusion of solute particles through dialysis tubing
62
dialysate
the fluid in the beaker
63
temperature effects diffusion rate because it determines the amount of ______ the dye particles have
kinetic energy
64
at either temperature, KMnO4 or methylene blue had a fastest rate of diffusion
KMNO4
65
the moleculare weights of the two dyes follow. 320 or 158. which molecular weight is methylene blue and why
320 because it has a slower rate of diffusion meaning its 'heavier'
66
true or false the rate of diffusion was slower during the 30-60 minutes interval than during the 0-30 minute interval
true
67
the ability of a particle to cross dialysis tubing is related to its ______?
molecular weight
68
what determines the direction of diffusion
concentration gradient
69
___ supplied the force that caused the solutes to move
kinetic energy
70
what causes filtration
pressure
71
higher or lower pressure will a greater rate of filtration
higher
72
what factor determined whether or not a particle passed through the pores of the filter paper?
the size of pores