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Human Body Lab > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

six levels of organization in anatomy

A

chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

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2
Q

movement caused by kinetic energy

A

kinetic motion

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3
Q

a chemical reaction is more likely to occur at a higher or lower temperature

A

higher

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4
Q

when evenly distributed, kinetic motion is equal in all directions and the particles are said to be in…

A

dynamic equilibrium

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5
Q

net movement

A

more particles move from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration and vice versi (the particles are said to move with their concentration gradient)

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6
Q

diffusion

A

the net movement of a substances particles with their concentration gradient

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7
Q

pressure causes what

A

filtration

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8
Q

filtration

A

the movement of particles across a membrane due to a pressure gradient (it will not be filtered if it cannot cross the membrane)

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9
Q

basic cell functions

A

essential for cell survival and thus survival of the body

ex: producing ATP

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10
Q

specialized cell function

A

performed by only one or a few types of cells
ex: contraction
specialized functions make it possible for cells to perform their basic functions

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11
Q

homeostasis

A

maintaining variables of the internal environment within normal ranges

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12
Q

basic or specialized cell functions maintain variables of the internal environment

A

specialized

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13
Q

the functions certain cells perform to move air into and out of your lungs are basic or specialized functions

A

specialized

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14
Q

another name for internal environment is

A

extracellular fluid

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15
Q

anatomy

A

form and arrangement of body parts

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16
Q

kinetic energy

A

energy of motion

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17
Q

kinetic motion

A

movement caused by kinetic energy

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18
Q

dynamic equilibrium

A

kinetic motion equal in all directions

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19
Q

concentration gradient

A

unevenly distriputed particles

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20
Q

net movement

A

moving from an area of higher conc. to lower concentration

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21
Q

true or false: kinetic motion and diffusion are synonyms?

A

false

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22
Q

true or false: all particles move with their concentration gradient

A

false

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23
Q

the direction of diffusion depends on what

A

the concentration gradient

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24
Q

pressure gradient

A

movement from area of higher pressure to lower pressure

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25
Q

internal environment

A

fluid that surrounds the cells

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26
Q

extra cellular fluid is composed of

A

blood and interstitial fluid

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27
Q

intracellular fluid

A

fluid found within the cell

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28
Q

solution

A

a mixture of a solvent and one or more solutes

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29
Q

molarity

A

of moles of a solute in 1 liter solution

30
Q

oslmolarity

A

of osmoles of a solute in 1 liter solution

31
Q

osmole

A

one mole of dissolved solute particles

32
Q

osmolality

A

of osmoles of a solute in 1 kg of water

33
Q

Ions in ECF and ICF

A 
sodium
chloride
bicarbonate
potassium
calcium
phosphate
34
Q

gasses in ECF and ICF

A

oxygen
carbon dioxide
nitrogen

35
Q

other solutes in ECF and ICF

A 
glucose
amino acids
urea
cholesterol
lactic acid
bile salts
36
Q

superior (cranial)

A

toward, closer to the head

37
Q

inferior (caudal)

A

away from or further from the head

38
Q

anterior (ventral)

A

towards, closer to the belly

39
Q

posterior (dorsal)

A

away from , farther from the belly

40
Q

medial

A

towards or closer to the midline

41
Q

lateral

A

away from or farther from the midline

42
Q

proximal

A

towards or closer to the point of attachment to the trunk

43
Q

distal

A

away or farther from the point of attachment to the trunk

44
Q

superficial

A

towards or closer to the external surface of the body

45
Q

deep

A

away from or farther from the external surface of the body

46
Q

dorsal cavity

A

found in the posterior part of the body

-divided into cranial cavity and vertebral canal

47
Q

ventral cavity

A

found in anterior part of the body

  • where most of the vicera or internal organs reside
  • separated by the diaphragm into superior thoracic cavity and inferior abdominopelvic cavity
48
Q

mediastinum

A

separates the thoracic cavity into right and left compartments

49
Q

contents of the mediastinum

A

trachea, esophagus, heart, blood vessels

50
Q

abdominopelvic cavity

A

contains superior abdominopelvic cavity and inferior pelvic cavity

51
Q

organs found in the abdominopelvic cavity

A

digestive organs, urinary, and reproductive systems

52
Q

pleural membrane

A

lines the compartment and covers the lung

53
Q

pericardial membrane (pericardium)

A

covers the heart and lines the space in the mediastinum where the heart is found

54
Q

peritoneal membrane (peritoneum)

A

lines the abdominal cavity and covers many of the organs located in it

55
Q

parietal

A

lines the cavity

56
Q

visceral

A

covers the organs

57
Q

transverse plane

A

divides body into superior and inferior parts

58
Q

midsaggital

A

divides body into right and left halves

59
Q

sagittal

A

divides body into right and left parts

60
Q

frontal (coronal) plane

A

divides body into anterior and posterior or front and back

61
Q

dialysis

A

the diffusion of solute particles through dialysis tubing

62
Q

dialysate

A

the fluid in the beaker

63
Q

temperature effects diffusion rate because it determines the amount of ______ the dye particles have

A

kinetic energy

64
Q

at either temperature, KMnO4 or methylene blue had a fastest rate of diffusion

A

KMNO4

65
Q

the moleculare weights of the two dyes follow. 320 or 158. which molecular weight is methylene blue and why

A

320 because it has a slower rate of diffusion meaning its ‘heavier’

66
Q

true or false the rate of diffusion was slower during the 30-60 minutes interval than during the 0-30 minute interval

A

true

67
Q

the ability of a particle to cross dialysis tubing is related to its ______?

A

molecular weight

68
Q

what determines the direction of diffusion

A

concentration gradient

69
Q

___ supplied the force that caused the solutes to move

A

kinetic energy

70
Q

what causes filtration

A

pressure

71
Q

higher or lower pressure will a greater rate of filtration

A

higher

72
Q

what factor determined whether or not a particle passed through the pores of the filter paper?

A

the size of pores

Human Body Lab (55 decks)

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