what do the lower limbs do?
support the weight of the body and are involved in locomotion
leg means
only the lower leg
- the portion of the lower limb between the knee and ankle
what structure does the flexor halluces longus muscle move?
big toe
all lower limb bones are ____
paired
the ____ binds the lower limb bones to the axial skeleton and is composed of two coxal bones.
pelvic girdle
each lower limb has three segments what are they
a thigh
a leg
a foot
coxal
an irregularly shaped bone
femur
thigh bone
patella
kneecap
tibia
medial bone of leg
fibula
lateral bone of leg
tarsals
7 bones in proximal part of foot
metatarsals
5 bones located distal to tarsals
phalanges
bones of digits; usually 14 in number
the bones of the pelvic girdles are parts of the _______.
appendicular skeleton
coxal bone
composed of three bones- ilium, ischium, and pubis
the illium ischium and pubis fuse together around the ____ year.
they fuse together around the 16th year
iliac crest
attachment of the quadratus lumvorum muscle
auricular surface
articulates with an auricular surface of the sacrum
anterior superior iliac spine
attachment of the Sartorius muscle
anterior inferior iliac spine
attachment of the rectus femoris muscle
posterior superior iliac spine
attachment of ligaments
posterior inferior iliac spine
attachment of the piriformis muscle
greater sciatic notch
passageway for the sciatic nerve
lesser sciatic notch
passageway for nerves
ischial spine
attachment of ligaments and muscles
ischial tuberosity
attachment of the hamstring muscles
ischial ramus
attachment of the adductor magnus and gracilis muscles
pubic body
articulates with the body of the other pubis
superior ramus of pubis
attachment of the pectineus muscle
inferior ramus of pubis
attachment of the adductor brevis and gracilis muscles
acetabulum
articulates with the head of femur
the ischial spine is ____ to the greater sciatic notch
inferior
the pelvis does what
supports and protects the viscera contained within it
- transmits the weight of the head trunk and upper limbs to the lower limbs
- provides a strong stable base
the false (greater pelvis) is
superior to the pelvic brim
the lesser pelvis (true pelvis) is
inferior to the pelvic brim
the pelvic inlet is
the entrance to the true pelvis
the pelvic outlet is
the inferior opening that is the exit from the true pelvis
angle of the pubic arch female and male
female- 90
male- 55
why is it advantageous for a female sacrum to be less curved than a male sacrum
a female may need to pass a baby through her pelvis and a les curved sacrum makes the opening of the pelvic outlet larger
head of the femur
articulates with the acetabulum
greater trochanter of the femur
attachment of 2 gluteal muscles
lesser trochanter of the femur
attachment of the iliopsoas muscles
linea aspera of the femur
attachment of the adductor and vasti muscles
medial condyle of the femur
articulates with the medial condyle of the tibia
lateral condyle of the femur
articulates with the lateral condyle of the tibia
patellar surface
articulates with the patellas medial and lateral facets
medial facet of patella
articulates with the femurs patellar surface
lateral facet of patella
articulates with the femurs patellar surface
medial condyle of the tibia
articulates with the medial condyle of a femur
lateral condyle of the tibia
articulates with the lateral condyle of a femur
tibial tuberosity of the tibia
attachment of the patellar ligament
crest of the tibia
commonly called the chin
medial malleolus of the tibia
ligament attachment and articulates with a talus
head of the fibula
articulates with the lateral condyle of a tibia
lateral malleolus of the fibula
articulates with a talus
nutrient foramen
passageway for blood vessels
the greater trochanter is _____ to the lesser trochanter.
superior
the patellas apex points ______.
inferiorly
the head of the femur faces _____.
medially
the lateral malleolus is on the ______ end of the ______.
distal end of the fibula
the foot is a lever that aids in _____
locomotion
each foot has how many tarsals, metatarsals, and phalanges?
7 tarsals
5 metatarsals
14 phalanges
the big toe of hallux has how many phalanges?
all the other toes have how many phalanges?
two
- other toes have 3
the middle and distal phalanges of the 5th toes are often ___
fused
tarsals
articulates with the tibia, fibula, and adjacent tarsals
calcaneus
- commonly called the heel bone
- attachment of the calcaneal tendon and articulates with the adjacent tarsals
cuboid
articulates with the adjacent tarsals and two metatarsals
navicular
articulates with the adjacent tarsals
medial cuneiform
articulates with the adjacent tarsals and one metatarsal
intermediate cuneiform
articulates with the adjacent tarsals and one metatarsal
lateral cuneiform
articulates with the adjacent tarsals and one metatarsal
metatarsals 1-5
articulate with the adjacent tarsals and proximal phalanges
proximal phalanges
- in hallux, it articulates with the 1st metatarsal and distal phalanx
- in other didgits they articulate with the adjacent metatarsals and middle phalanges
middle phalanges
articulate with proximal and distal phalanges
distal phalanges
in hallux, it articulates wit the proximal phalanx
-in other digits they articulate with middle phalanges
the plantar surface of the foot is ____
arched
medial to lateral arch
transverse arch
anterior to posterior arch
longitudinal arch
two components of the longitudinal arch
medial longitudinal arch and lateral longitudinal arch
arches at maintained by ____ and ____
ligaments and muscles
give the functions of the arches of the feet
shock absorber, make a more stable base, distribute weight, produce thrust
what is the singular form of phalanges?
phalanx
the navicular is _____ to the cuboid
medial
the 2nd metatarsals are _____ to the 3rd metatarsals
medial
which tarsal is involved in both longitudinal arches?
calcaneus
collectively the tibiofemoral and patellofemoral joints are called the _____ joint
knee joint
what is the common name for the talocrural joint?
ankle
