olfactory nerve: name the number and passage way
1 cribiform plate
optic nerve: number and passage way
2, optic canal
oculomotor: number and passage way
3, superior orbital fissure
trochlear: number and passage way
4, superior orbital fissure
trigeminal: number
5
ophthalmic: number and passage way
5,1 superior orbital fissure
maxillary: number and passage way
5, 2 foramen rotundum
mandibular nerve: number and passage way
5, 3 foramen ovale
abducens nerve: number and passage way
6 superior orbital fissure
facial nerve: number and passage way
7, internal acoustic meatus and stylomastoid foramen
vestibulocochlear nerve: number and passage way
8, internal acoustic meatus
glossopharyngeal: number and passage way
9, jugular foramen
vagus nerve: number and passage way
10, jugular foramen
accessory nerve: number and passage way
11, jugular foramen
hypoglossal nerve: number and passage way
12, hypoglossal canal
synapse
junction where information is transferred from one cell to another
central nervous system
brain and spinal cord
spinal cord
continuous with the hindbrain and is found in the vertebral canal
-31 segments and are divided into 5 groups
cluster of neuron cell bodies in the CNS
nucleus
collection of nerve fibers
tract
myeline is white nervous tissue composed mostly of myelinated nerve fibers. what is that called
white matter
peripheral nervous system consists of
consists of ganglia, neurologia, and nerves
unmyelinated nerve fivers and cell bodies are gray, so area composed mostly of these structures are called
gray matter
ganglion
collection of neuron cell bodies in PNS
dorsal root ganglia contain what
the cell bodies of sensory neurons
autonomic ganglia contain what
the cell bodies of motor neurons
each axon is surrounded by what
endoneurium
what binds groups of axons into bundles called fascicles
perineurium
what binds the fascicles into a nerve
epineurium
function of the dura mater
protects the brain
function of the dural septa
prevent excessive movement of the brain within the cranial cavity
function of cranial nerve 1: olfactory nerve
olfaction (smell)
function of cranial nerve 2: optic nerve
vision
function of cranial nerve 3: oculomotor
eye movement, pupil constriction and focusing
function of cranial nerve 4: trochlear
eye movement
function of cranial nerve 5: trigeminal
mastication and sensation from the face
function of cranial nerve 6: abducens
eye movement
function of cranial nerve 7: facial
facial expression and gustation (taste)
function of cranial nerve 8: vestibulochoclear
audition / hearing/ equilibrium
function of cranial nerve 9: glossopharyngeal
gustation, sensation from pharynx (throat) and swallowing
function of cranial nerve 10: vagus
gustation, visceral sensation, and visceral muscle movement
function of cranial nerve 11: accessory
movement of head and shoulders
function of cranial nerve 12: hypoglossal
tongue movements (swallowing and speech)
function of internal carotid arteries
supply the orbits and 80% of cerebrum
function of vertebral arteries
supply the cervical part of the spinal cord and the brain with blood
the PNS has two types of neurologia. what do they do?
-support and hold neurons in place
or
-produce myelin sheath
nervous tissue is composed of
neurons and neurologia
do both the brain and spinal cord have blood vessesls?
yes
a cluster of neuron cell bodies in the CNS is called
nucleus
collection of nerve fibers is called
tract
there are four types of neurologia in the CNS, what do they do
- support and hold neurons in spatial relationships
- phagocytize dead neurons and microorganisms
- produce and move cerebrospinal fluid
- form myeline sheath
collection of neuron cell bodies in the PNS
ganglion
dorsal root ganglia
contain cell bodies of sensory neurons
autonomic ganglia
contain cell bodies of motor neurons
a group of axons bound together by three connective tissue sheaths is called a
nerve
endoneurium
surrounds the axon
perineurium
binds groups of axons into bundles
fassicles
bundles axons
epineurium
binds fassicles into a nerve
the spinal cord is part of the
CNS
nerve fibers are
axons
nerves are part of the
PNS
What is the difference between a tract and a nerve?
tract found in the CNS, nerves are found in the PNS
two cranial nerves that are purely sensory
olfactory and optic
nerve plexuses
interlacing networks of nerves
sensory receptors
respond to changes in the external environment aka stimuli
general senses
touch pressure stretch vibration temperature pain and muscle sense
special senses
smell taste vision hearing and equilibrium
nonencapsulated receptors respond primarily to what
temperature and painful stimuli, touch, movement of hair, and itch
two types of nonencapsulated receptors
free nerve ending and hair follicle receptors
sensory terminals of encapsulated receptors are surrounded by what
connective tissue capsules
almost all encapsulated receptors are what
mechanoreceptors
axon terminals
the endings of motor neurons innervating skeletal muscle
varicosities
the motor endings of neurons innervating smooth muscles and glands (looks like string of beads)
the spaces between the separated layers of the dura mater are called
dural venous sinuses
subarachnoid space
contains cerebrospinal fluid and blood vessels; found between the arachnoid and pia mater
cerebrospinal fluid
protects CNS by acting as liquid cushion , helps nourish CNS cells
where is CSF found?
in and outside the CNS eventually draining into the dural sinuses via the arachnoid villi
how often is CSF replaced?
every 8 hours
what happens if CSF removal does not keep up with production?
the CSF will accumulate and exert pressure on the brain which can lead to brain damage
what connects the third and fourth ventricles?
the cerebral aquaduct
