Chapter 9: Nervous System Flashcards by Jennica O'Neill

olfactory nerve: name the number and passage way

1 cribiform plate

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optic nerve: number and passage way

2, optic canal

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oculomotor: number and passage way

3, superior orbital fissure

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trochlear: number and passage way

4, superior orbital fissure

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trigeminal: number

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ophthalmic: number and passage way

5,1 superior orbital fissure

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maxillary: number and passage way

5, 2 foramen rotundum

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mandibular nerve: number and passage way

5, 3 foramen ovale

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abducens nerve: number and passage way

6 superior orbital fissure

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facial nerve: number and passage way

7, internal acoustic meatus and stylomastoid foramen

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vestibulocochlear nerve: number and passage way

8, internal acoustic meatus

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glossopharyngeal: number and passage way

9, jugular foramen

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vagus nerve: number and passage way

10, jugular foramen

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accessory nerve: number and passage way

11, jugular foramen

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hypoglossal nerve: number and passage way

12, hypoglossal canal

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synapse

junction where information is transferred from one cell to another

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central nervous system

brain and spinal cord

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spinal cord

continuous with the hindbrain and is found in the vertebral canal
-31 segments and are divided into 5 groups

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cluster of neuron cell bodies in the CNS

nucleus

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collection of nerve fibers

tract

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myeline is white nervous tissue composed mostly of myelinated nerve fibers. what is that called

white matter

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peripheral nervous system consists of

consists of ganglia, neurologia, and nerves

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unmyelinated nerve fivers and cell bodies are gray, so area composed mostly of these structures are called

gray matter

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ganglion

collection of neuron cell bodies in PNS

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dorsal root ganglia contain what

the cell bodies of sensory neurons

autonomic ganglia contain what

the cell bodies of motor neurons

each axon is surrounded by what

endoneurium

what binds groups of axons into bundles called fascicles

perineurium

what binds the fascicles into a nerve

epineurium

function of the dura mater

protects the brain

function of the dural septa

prevent excessive movement of the brain within the cranial cavity

function of cranial nerve 1: olfactory nerve

olfaction (smell)

function of cranial nerve 2: optic nerve

vision

function of cranial nerve 3: oculomotor

eye movement, pupil constriction and focusing

function of cranial nerve 4: trochlear

eye movement

function of cranial nerve 5: trigeminal

mastication and sensation from the face

function of cranial nerve 6: abducens

eye movement

function of cranial nerve 7: facial

facial expression and gustation (taste)

function of cranial nerve 8: vestibulochoclear

audition / hearing/ equilibrium

function of cranial nerve 9: glossopharyngeal

gustation, sensation from pharynx (throat) and swallowing

function of cranial nerve 10: vagus

gustation, visceral sensation, and visceral muscle movement

function of cranial nerve 11: accessory

movement of head and shoulders

function of cranial nerve 12: hypoglossal

tongue movements (swallowing and speech)

function of internal carotid arteries

supply the orbits and 80% of cerebrum

function of vertebral arteries

supply the cervical part of the spinal cord and the brain with blood

the PNS has two types of neurologia. what do they do?

-support and hold neurons in place or -produce myelin sheath

nervous tissue is composed of

neurons and neurologia

do both the brain and spinal cord have blood vessesls?

yes

a cluster of neuron cell bodies in the CNS is called

nucleus

collection of nerve fibers is called

tract

there are four types of neurologia in the CNS, what do they do

1. support and hold neurons in spatial relationships 2. phagocytize dead neurons and microorganisms 3. produce and move cerebrospinal fluid 4. form myeline sheath

collection of neuron cell bodies in the PNS

ganglion

dorsal root ganglia

contain cell bodies of sensory neurons

autonomic ganglia

contain cell bodies of motor neurons

a group of axons bound together by three connective tissue sheaths is called a

nerve

endoneurium

surrounds the axon

perineurium

binds groups of axons into bundles

fassicles

bundles axons

epineurium

binds fassicles into a nerve

the spinal cord is part of the

CNS

nerve fibers are

axons

nerves are part of the

PNS

What is the difference between a tract and a nerve?

tract found in the CNS, nerves are found in the PNS

two cranial nerves that are purely sensory

olfactory and optic

nerve plexuses

interlacing networks of nerves

sensory receptors

respond to changes in the external environment aka stimuli

general senses

touch pressure stretch vibration temperature pain and muscle sense

special senses

smell taste vision hearing and equilibrium

nonencapsulated receptors respond primarily to what

temperature and painful stimuli, touch, movement of hair, and itch

two types of nonencapsulated receptors

free nerve ending and hair follicle receptors

sensory terminals of encapsulated receptors are surrounded by what

connective tissue capsules

almost all encapsulated receptors are what

mechanoreceptors

axon terminals

the endings of motor neurons innervating skeletal muscle

varicosities

the motor endings of neurons innervating smooth muscles and glands (looks like string of beads)

the spaces between the separated layers of the dura mater are called

dural venous sinuses

subarachnoid space

contains cerebrospinal fluid and blood vessels; found between the arachnoid and pia mater

cerebrospinal fluid

protects CNS by acting as liquid cushion , helps nourish CNS cells

where is CSF found?

in and outside the CNS eventually draining into the dural sinuses via the arachnoid villi

how often is CSF replaced?

every 8 hours

what happens if CSF removal does not keep up with production?

the CSF will accumulate and exert pressure on the brain which can lead to brain damage

what connects the third and fourth ventricles?

the cerebral aquaduct