Chapter 3 Lab Flashcards
1
Q
tissue
A
a group of cells working together to perform one or more funtions
2
Q
histology
A
study of tissues
3
Q
hist
A
tissue
4
Q
log
A
study of
5
Q
four basic tissues
A
muscle
nervous
connective
epithelial
6
Q
cells of muscle tissue are ___ and ____
A
elongated and contractile
7
Q
three types of muscle tissues
A
skeletal
smooth
cardiac
8
Q
skeletal muscle tissue is found
A
in your skeletal muscles most of which move bones
9
Q
smooth muscle tissues is found… and whats its function
A
mainly in the walls of your hollow organs
its function is to move the contents of the organ
10
Q
cardiac muscle tissue is found ____? its function??
A
found in your heart
it moves blood
11
Q
nervous tissue composes what
A
brain
spinal cord
nerves
ganglia
12
Q
true or false: there is only one type of nervous tissue
A
true
13
Q
nervous tissue is composed of what two cell types
A
neurons and neuroglia
14
Q
what are the neurons two processes
A
dendrites and axons
15
Q
true or false: there is only one type of nervous tissue
A
true
16
Q
dendrites
A
receptive or input regions of neurons
17
Q
what do dendrites do?
A
receive signals from other neurons or they detect changes in body structures (which includes the internal environment) or the external environment
18
Q
axons are also called what
A
nerve fibers
19
Q
axons are the …
A
conducting regions of neurons
20
Q
what is the function of axons?
A
transmit electrical signals known as nerve impulses to muscles glands and other neurons
21
Q
nerve impulses are one method used by the body to “?”
A
talk to its different parts
22
Q
how are neurons classified?
A
by their structure (number of processes they have) and their function
23
Q
multipolar neuron
A
many dendrites and one axon extended from the cell body
24
Q
bipolar neuron
A
two processes (one dendrite and one axon) extend from the cell body
25
unipolar neuron
one axon with central and peripheral processes extend from the cell body
26
what are the three groups in the functional classification scheme?
sensory neurons, interneurons, motor neurons
27
sensory afferent neurons
detect changes in body structures or the external environment
the send info (about the changes) to the interneurons
Affernt = send
28
interneurons
perform integration , and stimulate motor neurons
29
integration
data from several sensory neurons are processed and interpreted and a decision is made about what should be done with the change (pertaining to interneurons)
30
motor efferent neurons
send impulses to effectors
31
effector
muscle or gland that performs the necessary action
32
true or false: most sensory neurons are unipolar but few are bipolar
true
33
true or false: all motor neurons are multipolar
true
34
neuroglia function
to support neurons
35
connective tissues function
bind, support, and or provide protection
36
two examples of connective tissue are...
bone and blood
37
unlike those of other tissues, the cells of most connective tissue...
are separated by extracellular matrix (ECM)
38
ECM (extracellular matrix) function
nonliving material found outside of cells and is mostly secreted by cells of the connective tissue
39
what is ECM composed of
ground substance and fibers
40
ground substance is made of what?
certain proteins, polysaccharides, and interstitial fluid
41
the consistency of ground substance can be...
liquid, gel-like, firm, rigid
42
Collagenous fibers are composed of what
mainly the protein collegen
43
function of collagenous fibers
add strength to a tissue
44
elastic fibers composed of what
the protein elastin
45
elastic fiber function
to make tissue elastic
46
reticular fibers are
very fine collagenous fibers that branch extensively, forming networks
47
the fundamental cell type has two forms, what are they
immature and mature
48
the immature form is more or less active
more active
49
a mature cell is more or less active
less active
50
true or false: if the matrix is damaged, the mature form of the cell will revert to the immature form so that the damaged matrix can be replaced.
true
51
immature form indicated by what suffix
blast
52
mature form indicated by suffix
cyte
53
cyte
cell
54
blast
bud
55
the 3 loose connective tissues
areolar connective tissue
adipose connective tissue
reticular connective tissue
56
the three dense connective tissues
dense regular connective tissue
dense irregular connective tissue
elastic connective tissue
57
three cartilage connective tissue
hyaline cartilage connective tissue
fibrocartilage connective tissue
elastic cartilage connective tissue
58
connective tissue types
connective tissue proper (loose and dense)
cartlage connective tissue
bone connective tissue
blood connective tissue
59
if epithelia have no blood vessels how can epithelial cells survive?
oxygen and nutrients diffuse to the cells from blood vessels in an adjacent connective tissue and waste products diffuse from the cells to these same blood vessels. In general epithelial tissue secrete absorb, form barriers, and protect
60
general function of epithelial tissue
secrete, absorb, form barriers, protect
61
two classification of epithelia
glandular and covering and lining
62
glandular epithelia
secrete (produce and release) substances
| can be exocrine or endocrine
63
exocrine glands
release produces onto body surfaces (ex: the skin or lining of digestive tract)
64
exocrine glands have
secretory units and ducts (small tubed) these tubes allow the secretion to go to the body surface
65
endocrine glands
release their products into the interstitial fluid and the products move into the blood which transports them to parts of the body
66
covering and lining epithelium structure
sheet-like structures that form the outer and inner surfaces of body structures
67
function of lining epithelium
form barriers, absorption, secretion, protection
68
basal surface
attached to an underlying layer of connective tissue
69
apical surface
free and not attached to another structure but is exposed to a space (exterior of body)
70
microvelli
shorter than cilia and increase surface area
71
cilia
longer than microvilli and their movement propels substances over the apical (top) surface of the epithelium
72
2 structural features used to name epithelia
shape of cells, and number of layers
73
pseud
false
74
simple epithelium
one layer of cells
75
stratified epithelium
more than one cell layer
76
pseudostratified epithelium
one cell layer but appears to have more than one
77
transitional epithelium
more than one cell layer and can be stretched without cell separation
78
squamous epithelia
flattened cells
79
explain why cells of the small intestine have microvilli
microvilli increase surface area so more nutrients will be absorbed into the small intestine
80
true or false: the rate of nutrient diffusion would be greater through a thinner epithelium than a thicker epithelium
true
81
exocrine glands secrete their products onto the apical or basal surfaces of covering
apical
82
epithelial membrane
organ composed of covering or lining epithelium and one or two types of connecting tissue
83
basement membrane
binds the epithelium and has a basal lamina and a reticular lamina
84
basal lamina
sheet-like layer composed mainly of glycoproteins secreted by the epithelium
85
reticular lamina
sheet of reticular fibers produced by the connective tissue
86
three types of epithelial membranes
cutaneous
mucous
serous
87
cutaneous membrane
commonly called skin
88
muscous membrane
forms the inner surfaces of structures and are continuous with the cutaneous membrane
ex: lining of digestive and respiratory tract
89
goblet cells
secretes mucus
90
connective tissue layer of mucous membrane
areolar connective tissue
91
serous membranes (serosae)
```
pleurae
pericardium
peritoneum
composed of simple squamous epithelium and areolar connective tissue
secretes serous fluid
```
92
a ____ membrane forms the inner surface of the stomach
mucous
93
a ____ membrane covers a lung
serous
94
adip
fat
95
erythr
red
96
gen
to cause
97
leuc
white
98
path
disease
99
thromb
a clot
100
a
no
101
blast
(bud) immature
102
cyte
cell (mature)
103
hist
tissue
104
log
study of
105
pseud
false
106
vas
vessel
107
what is a pathogen
something that causes disease path=disease gen= to cause
108
adipocyte
mature fat cell
109
why interneuron is a good name for these cells
interneurons are located between sensory and motor neurons
110
smooth muscle tissue function
moves contents of whatever it is
111
nervous tissue in the spinal cord function
communication
112
motor neuron in the nervous tissue function
generates and transmits electrical impulses to muscles or glands
113
neurologia function
to support
114
areolar connective tissue in the serous membrane function
glues the epithelium of the serous membrane to underlying structures
115
collagenous fibers function
add strength to a tissue
116
simple cuboidal epithelium in a sweat gland function
secrete sweat
117
blood connective tissue function within blood vessels
medium by which substances such as glucose and hormones are transported throughout the body
118
the ground substance of areolar connective tissue is
gel-like
