Chapter 16: Respiratory Physiology

Question 1

tidal volume (TV)

Answer 1

the amount of air that moves into or out of the lungs in one inspiration or expiration

Question 2

resting tidal volume

Answer 2

amount of air that moves into or out of the lungs at rest

Question 3

inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)

Answer 3

the amount of air you inspired above tidal volume

Question 4

expiratory reserve volume (ERV)

Answer 4

the amount of air you expired beyond tidal volume

Question 5

residual volume (RV)

Answer 5

the amount of air left in your lungs after a maximal expiration
-residual volume cannot be voluntarily removed

Question 6

inspiratory capacity (IC)

Answer 6

the sum of tidal volume and inspiratory reserve volume

IC=TV+IRV

Question 7

functional residual capacity (FRC)

Answer 7

the sum of expiratory reserve volume and residual volume

FRC=ERV+RV

Question 8

vital capacity (VC)

Answer 8

the sum of inspiratory reserve volume, tidal volume, expiratory reserve volume
VC=IRV+TV+ERV

Question 9

total lung capacity TLC

Answer 9

the sum of all volumes

TLC= IRV + TV + ERV+ RV

Question 10

Tidal volume increases during exercise. Why does it need to be larger?

Answer 10

a larger tidal volume means more oxygen can be supplied to the active skeletal muscles and the increased amount of carbon dioxide produced by these muscles can be eliminated

Question 11

forced vital capacity FVC

Answer 11

measures both the amount of air moved and the rate at which the air is moved

Question 12

why is forced vital capacity a measure rather than a capacity?

Answer 12

because many respiratory diseases do not necessarily change the amount of air moved, but do change the rate of air movement

Question 13

forced expiratory volume FEV

Answer 13

how much of forced vital capacity is exhaled in a given point of time

• FEV 1 is the amount of FVC exhaled in the first second of expiration, FEV2 is the first two seconds etc.
• FEV gives an indication of expiratory power and the overall resistance to air movement

Question 14

why are FEV values not meaningful information between individuals?

Answer 14

• FEV values of a large person will be greater than those of a smaller person
• percentages can be compared
• percentage found by dividing FEV1/FVC

Question 15

FEV percentages equation

Answer 15

FEV1/FVC

Question 16

Jims FEV1 is 4 liters, whild Sarah’s is 3 liters. Does Jim have healthier lungs than Sarah? Why?

Answer 16

no, jim could possible just have larger lungs than Sarah

Question 17

minute ventilation

Answer 17

the volume of air moving into or out of the respiratory tract in one minute
VR x Tv= minute ventilation

Question 18

Ventilation rate (VR)

Answer 18

the number of breaths per minute

Question 19

anatomic dead space

Answer 19

• nonalveolar parts of the respiratory tract

- nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles

Question 20

in an adult anatomic dead space has a volume of around __ mL?

Answer 20

150 mL or .15 L

Question 21

alveolar ventilation

Answer 21

the amount of air reaching the alveoli in one minute

AV= (TV-dead space) x VR

Question 22

is it more valuble to know alveolar ventilation or minute ventilation ?

Answer 22

alveolar ventilation

Question 23

why is it more important to know alveolar ventilation rather than minute ventilation?

Answer 23

aveolar ventilation give how much air is getting into the alveoli

Question 24

what is the alveolar ventilation of a person with a TV or .5 L and a VR or 12 breaths per minute?

Answer 24

4.2liters/min

Question 25

respiratory system function

Answer 25

- maintain correct conc. of oxygen and carbon dioxide in ECF - phonation (speech production) - regulating extracellular fluid pH

Question 26

hyperventilation increases the amound of carbon dioxide eliminated from the body, and thus would result in an _________ ph of extracellular fluid.

Answer 26

increased pH

Question 27

the pleural fluid within a pleural cavity acts as both a ______ and a ______.

Answer 27

lubricant and an adhesive

Question 28

why is the adhesive action of pleural fluid important?

Answer 28

important in ventilation and prevents the lungs from collapsing, despite their natural elasticity

Question 29

what structure do the slides and the water represent?

Answer 29

slides= pleaura | water=pleural fluid

Question 30

costal arch

Answer 30

rib together with its costal cartilage

Question 31

the posterior end of a rib is _______ to its anterior end

Answer 31

superior

Question 32

ventilation is brought about by ____.

Answer 32

changes in the dimensions of the thoracic cavity

Question 33

phenolphthalein is a pH indicator that is ____ in a basic solution and _______ in an acidic solution.

Answer 33

pink in a basic solution | clear in an acidic solution

Question 34

more carbon dioxide was present in exhaled air at rest or after exercise?

Answer 34

more carbon dioxide was present in exhaled air after exercise

Question 35

threshold

Answer 35

where the respiratory centers in your brain override your voluntary decision not to breath, forcing you to resume breathing

Question 36

under which condition was CO2 concentration in the subjects ECF the lowest when he/she began holding his/her breath?

Answer 36

after hyperventilation because less co2 is in the ECF than normal, so it takes longer for the CO2 concentrations to reach threshold and for breathing to begin again

Question 37

under which condition was CO2 concentration in the subjects ecf the highest when he/she began holding his/her breath?>

Answer 37

after exercise because the CO2 built up and she had to breath almost immediately after trying to hold her breath