Chapter 16: Respiratory Physiology Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Chapter 16: Respiratory Physiology Deck (37)
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1
Q

tidal volume (TV)

A

the amount of air that moves into or out of the lungs in one inspiration or expiration

2
Q

resting tidal volume

A

amount of air that moves into or out of the lungs at rest

3
Q

inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)

A

the amount of air you inspired above tidal volume

4
Q

expiratory reserve volume (ERV)

A

the amount of air you expired beyond tidal volume

5
Q

residual volume (RV)

A

the amount of air left in your lungs after a maximal expiration
-residual volume cannot be voluntarily removed

6
Q

inspiratory capacity (IC)

A

the sum of tidal volume and inspiratory reserve volume

IC=TV+IRV

7
Q

functional residual capacity (FRC)

A

the sum of expiratory reserve volume and residual volume

FRC=ERV+RV

8
Q

vital capacity (VC)

A

the sum of inspiratory reserve volume, tidal volume, expiratory reserve volume
VC=IRV+TV+ERV

9
Q

total lung capacity TLC

A

the sum of all volumes

TLC= IRV + TV + ERV+ RV

10
Q

Tidal volume increases during exercise. Why does it need to be larger?

A

a larger tidal volume means more oxygen can be supplied to the active skeletal muscles and the increased amount of carbon dioxide produced by these muscles can be eliminated

11
Q

forced vital capacity FVC

A

measures both the amount of air moved and the rate at which the air is moved

12
Q

why is forced vital capacity a measure rather than a capacity?

A

because many respiratory diseases do not necessarily change the amount of air moved, but do change the rate of air movement

13
Q

forced expiratory volume FEV

A

how much of forced vital capacity is exhaled in a given point of time

  • FEV 1 is the amount of FVC exhaled in the first second of expiration, FEV2 is the first two seconds etc.
  • FEV gives an indication of expiratory power and the overall resistance to air movement
14
Q

why are FEV values not meaningful information between individuals?

A
  • FEV values of a large person will be greater than those of a smaller person
  • percentages can be compared
  • percentage found by dividing FEV1/FVC
15
Q

FEV percentages equation

A

FEV1/FVC

16
Q

Jims FEV1 is 4 liters, whild Sarah’s is 3 liters. Does Jim have healthier lungs than Sarah? Why?

A

no, jim could possible just have larger lungs than Sarah

17
Q

minute ventilation

A

the volume of air moving into or out of the respiratory tract in one minute
VR x Tv= minute ventilation

18
Q

Ventilation rate (VR)

A

the number of breaths per minute

19
Q

anatomic dead space

A
  • nonalveolar parts of the respiratory tract

- nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles

20
Q

in an adult anatomic dead space has a volume of around __ mL?

A

150 mL or .15 L

21
Q

alveolar ventilation

A

the amount of air reaching the alveoli in one minute

AV= (TV-dead space) x VR

22
Q

is it more valuble to know alveolar ventilation or minute ventilation ?

A

alveolar ventilation

23
Q

why is it more important to know alveolar ventilation rather than minute ventilation?

A

aveolar ventilation give how much air is getting into the alveoli

24
Q

what is the alveolar ventilation of a person with a TV or .5 L and a VR or 12 breaths per minute?

A

4.2liters/min

25
Q

respiratory system function

A
  • maintain correct conc. of oxygen and carbon dioxide in ECF
  • phonation (speech production)
  • regulating extracellular fluid pH
26
Q

hyperventilation increases the amound of carbon dioxide eliminated from the body, and thus would result in an _________ ph of extracellular fluid.

A

increased pH

27
Q

the pleural fluid within a pleural cavity acts as both a ______ and a ______.

A

lubricant and an adhesive

28
Q

why is the adhesive action of pleural fluid important?

A

important in ventilation and prevents the lungs from collapsing, despite their natural elasticity

29
Q

what structure do the slides and the water represent?

A

slides= pleaura

water=pleural fluid

30
Q

costal arch

A

rib together with its costal cartilage

31
Q

the posterior end of a rib is _______ to its anterior end

A

superior

32
Q

ventilation is brought about by ____.

A

changes in the dimensions of the thoracic cavity

33
Q

phenolphthalein is a pH indicator that is ____ in a basic solution and _______ in an acidic solution.

A

pink in a basic solution

clear in an acidic solution

34
Q

more carbon dioxide was present in exhaled air at rest or after exercise?

A

more carbon dioxide was present in exhaled air after exercise

35
Q

threshold

A

where the respiratory centers in your brain override your voluntary decision not to breath, forcing you to resume breathing

36
Q

under which condition was CO2 concentration in the subjects ECF the lowest when he/she began holding his/her breath?

A

after hyperventilation because less co2 is in the ECF than normal, so it takes longer for the CO2 concentrations to reach threshold and for breathing to begin again

37
Q

under which condition was CO2 concentration in the subjects ecf the highest when he/she began holding his/her breath?>

A

after exercise because the CO2 built up and she had to breath almost immediately after trying to hold her breath

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