Chapter 6: Blood

Question 1

capillaries

Answer 1

tiny vessels that connect arteries to veins

Question 2

arteries

Answer 2

from the heart to the capillaries and tissues of the body

Question 3

veins

Answer 3

carry blood from tissues and capillaries to the heart

Question 4

what are the walls of capillaries composed of?

Answer 4

endothelium (simple squamous epithelium) and basement membrane

Question 5

three layers of arterie or vein walls

Answer 5

tunica intima (next to the lumen)
tunica media 
tunica externa

Question 6

tunica intima is composed of

Answer 6

endothelium and a layer of connective tissue

Question 7

tunica media composed of

Answer 7

composed of smooth muscle tissue and elastic connective tissue

Question 8

tunica externa is composed of

Answer 8

dense connective tissue

Question 9

structural differences between arteries and veins

Answer 9

tunica media is thicker in arteries than in veins

tunica externa thicker in veins than arteries

Question 10

plasma

Answer 10

liquid portion of blood composed mostly of water

Question 11

formed elements of blood

Answer 11

red blood cells, platelets, white blood cells

Question 12

function of red blood cells

Answer 12

transport oxygen

they contain a protein called hemoglobin that oxygen attaches to

Question 13

platelets

Answer 13

cell fragments involved in blood clotting

Question 14

white blood cells

Answer 14

defend the body against pathogens like bacteria and viruses

-mobile units of the bodys immune system

Question 15

5 types of white blood cells

Answer 15

neutrophils
eosinophils
basophils
monocytes
lymphocytes

Question 16

neutorphils, eosinophils, basophils, and monocytes are produced where

Answer 16

in bone marrow

Question 17

lymphocytes are formed where

Answer 17

in organs of the lymphatic system (thymus and spleen

Question 18

neutrophil function

Answer 18

phagocytosis

Question 19

eosinophil function

Answer 19

kill parasites; play a role in allergies and asthma

Question 20

basophil function

Answer 20

release histamine and other mediators of inflammation; contain heparin (an anticoagulant)

Question 21

lymphocyte function

Answer 21

mount an immune response by direct cell attack or via antibodies

Question 22

monocyte function

Answer 22

phagocytosis

Question 23

hematocrit test

Answer 23

determines the percentage of erythrocytes in whole blood

Question 24

hemoglobin determination test

Answer 24

measures how many grams of hemoglobin are in 100 ml of whole blood

Question 25

antigen

Answer 25

causes antibody production

Question 26

antibody

Answer 26

molecule produced by lymphocytes in response to the presence of an antigen

Question 27

give one method the body uses to defend itself against pathogens

Answer 27

antigen antibody reaction

Question 28

the antigens attached to your cell

Answer 28

self-antigens

Question 29

antigens not attached to your cells

Answer 29

foreign antigens ; they cause your lymphocytes to produce antibodies

Question 30

transfusion reaction

Answer 30

RBCS stick together forming clumps (also called agglutination) and eventually hemolyze

Question 31

RBC antigens and antibodies are called

Answer 31

agglutinogens and agglutinins

Question 32

blood typing

Answer 32

determines what types of antigens are attached to an individual’s RBC plasma membrane