Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Human Body Lab > Chapter 14 Trunk > Flashcards

Chapter 14 Trunk Flashcards

1
Q

functions of the vertebral column

A
  1. supports the head and bears weight of the body while allowing movement of head and trunk
  2. protects the brain
  3. site for muscle attachment
  4. protects the spinal cord
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

individual vertebrae are named using

A

a letter and a number

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

vertebrae are bound into a column by …

A

ligaments and intervertebral discs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

intervertebral discs

A

cushion like pads found between vertebrae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

layers of intervertebral discs

A

inner-gelatinous mass
middle- fibrocartilage
superficial layer- collagen fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

the inner gelatinous mass of intervertebral discs makes the disc _____ and ____

A

elastic and compressible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

function of the collar

A

it limits the expansion of the gelatinous mass when the spine is compressed and withstands twisting forces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

function of intervertebral discs

A

act as a shock absorber and allow the column to flex and extend to a lesser extent bend laterally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

the size of the vertebral bodies ______ as you go down

A

increases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

why does the increase of vertebral bodies happen as you go down?

A

this increase in size occurs because an inferior vertebrae must support more weight than the one superior to it
-this trend ends at the sacrum because the bodys weight is transferred to the pelvis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what do the vertebral column curves do?

A

facilitate upright posture

  • add strength to the vertebral column
  • absorb shock
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

early in development how many curves does the spine have? and is it convex or concave

A

1: convex posteriorly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are the primary curves?

A

thoracic and sacral curves

-because their direction does not change with age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are the secondary curves?

A

cervical and lumbar curves

-because they change over time to be concave posteriorly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

when does the change in the cervical curve occur?

A

-begins late intrauterine life and becomes prevalent when a child holds up his/her head and sits upright

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

when does the lumbar curve change?

A

when a child starts to walk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is the most flexible portion of the vertebral column?

A

cervical region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

why is the thoracic region not very flexible?

A

because the thoracic vertebrae are parts of the thoracic cage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what movements does the lumbar region allow?

A

allows bending movements and some twisting motions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what are the least flexible portions of the vertebral column?

A

the sacral and coccygeal regions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what does the thoracic cage do?

A

protects the viscera of the thorax and provides muscle attachment sites
-the cage is flexible enough to allow the movements that are necessary for respiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what do the clavicles, scapulas, and coxal bones have in common?

A

the provide muscle attachment sites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what binds vertebrae together?

A

ligaments and intervertebral discs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

where are breasts found and what does it consist of?

A

found in the hypodermis

  • consists of adipose and other connective tissues, blood vessels, lymph vessels, nerves, glandular tissue (mammary gland)
  • lactation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

mammary gland

A

specialized sweat glands that produce and secrete milk that is used to nourish a newborn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

there is a muscle called the erector spinae. this name tells you the muscles ______.

A

function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

motor neurons are located within the

A

ventral horns

28
Q

which segments of the vertebral column have lateral horns as well as dorsal and ventral horns?

A

thoracic and superior lumbar segments (T2-L1)

29
Q

function of the sternum

A
  • protects thoracic viscera

- muscle attachment

30
Q

costal cartilages

A
  • paired
  • made of hyaline cartilage
  • contribute to mobility and elasticity of the walls of the thoracic cage
  • muscle attachment site
31
Q

ribs

A

12 pairs

  • articulate with vertebral column
  • protect thoracic viscera
  • some articulate with sternum via costal cartilage
  • muscle attachment
32
Q

true ribs

A
  • first 7 pairs

- articulate with sternum via costal cartilage

33
Q

false ribs

A
  • last 5 pairs
  • 8, 9, 10 attach indirectly to sternum
  • 11, 12 do not attach to sternum
34
Q

floating ribs

A

11 and 12 ribs

35
Q

the floating ribs are false ribs?

A

yes

36
Q

vertebral column

A

24 nonfused

  • 9 fused
  • divided into 5 types
37
Q

cervical vertebrae

A
  • nonfused

- 7 of them

38
Q

thoracic vertebrae

A
  • nonfused

- 12 of them

39
Q

lumbar vertebrae

A
  • nonfused

- 5 of them

40
Q

sacral vertebrae

A

fuse to form sacrum

5 of them

41
Q

coccygeal vertebrae

A
  • fuse to form coccyx
  • inferior to sacral vertebrae
  • 3-5 in number
42
Q

vertebral canal

A

passageway for the spinal cord and dorsal and ventral roots of spinal nerves

43
Q

intervertebral foramina

A

passageway for spinal nerves

44
Q

clavicle

A
  • paired

- muscles attachment

45
Q

scapula

A
  • paired

- muscle attachment

46
Q

coxal bone

A

paired

-muscle attachment

47
Q

pelvis

A

composed of sacrum and coccyx

  • protects pelvic viscera
  • bears weight
48
Q

costal facets are only found on

A

thoracic vertebrae

49
Q

superior articular facets of thoracic vertebra face in which direction

A

posteriorly

50
Q

inferior articular facets of thoracic vertebrae face in which direction

A

anteriorly

51
Q

vertebral arch of lumbar vertebrae function

A

SOME protect the spinal cord

52
Q

superior articular facets of lumbar vertebrae usually face in which direction

A

medially

53
Q

inferior articular facets of lumbar vertebrae usually face in which direction

A

laterally

54
Q

transverse foramina are only on what vertebrae?

A

cervical vertebrae

55
Q

what bone marking is found on all thoracic vertebrae but not on other vertebral types?

A

costal facets

56
Q

to distinguish a lumbar vertebra, you look to see if the vertebra does not have ______ or ______.

A

transverse foramina or costal facets

57
Q

tubercles are not found on which ribs?

A

11th and 12th

58
Q

coxal bone

A
  • paired
  • articulates with the other coxal bone anteriorly; articulates with the sacrum posteriorly
  • muscle attachment
59
Q

of articulations T1-9 makes

A

12

60
Q

of articulations T11-12 makes

A

8

61
Q

of articulations T10 makes

A

10

62
Q

of articulations L1-5 makes

A

6

63
Q

of articulations C1 makes

A

5

64
Q

of articulations C2 makes

A

6

65
Q

of articulations C3-7 makes

A

6

66
Q

what separates the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities?

A

diaphragm

67
Q

the central tendon is composed of

A

dense connective tissue

Human Body Lab (55 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions