Clinical Psychology 1 Flashcards
Priority 3 (50 cards)
The id, ego, and superego represent the three parts of the psyche in what theory?
Freud’s Structural Theory, or Classical Freudian Theory.
Describe the nature and function of the id.
- comprised of basic biological drives
- self-preservation
- libido
- aggressive drive
- unorganized
- dominated by the pleasure principle
- unconscious
Describe the nature and function of the ego.
- part of the id modified by interaction with the external world
- logical
- source of ability to
- organize
- think critically
- synthesize
- seat of reason and judgment
- represents reality principle
- functions to suspend pleasure principle as environment requires
Describe the nature and function of the superego.
- evolves out of successful Oedipal stage resolution
- results from internalization of parents’ restrictions and customs
- part of the ego acting as conscience
- seat of morality
According to early psychoanalytic theory, what purpose do defense mechanisms serve?
They are unconscious mechanisms that help one to avoid activating the anxiety caused by conscious awareness of an intrapsychic conflict (e.g., between id and superego, as mediated by the ego).
What is the most basic defense mechanism and why?
Repression: it underlies all the other defenses.
What is signal anxiety?
Anxiety acting as an indicator of an unconscious conflict.
What are primary and secondary process thinking?
- primary process: unconscious processes, governed by the id
- secondary process: conscious processes, governed by the ego
What is repetition compulsion?
The expression in the present of feelings from the past as a function of transference.
What are the four stages of psychoanalysis?
- confrontation, the therapist bringing an issue to the patient’s attention
- clarification, attempts to understand the patient’s motivations underlying the issue
- interpretation, the therapist’s (often repeated) presentation of understanding of the patient’s motivation, resulting in patient’s insight into the issue and emotional catharsis
- working through, assimilation of insights into the patient’s personality through multiple revisitations of issue/insight/catharsis
What is analytic psychology?
Jung’s development of psychoanalysis, a.k.a. complex psychology.
What are the four main forms of archetypes?
- self
- shadow
- anima
- animus
According to Jung, what happens as the personal unconscious becomes more conscious?
The collective unconscious is revealed and one’s psyche begins to self-regulate, resolving neuroses.
How did Jung understand the mid-point of the human life cycle?
Around age 40, people tend to move from the extroversion of youth to the introversion of adulthood.
What was Adler’s basic postulate about children’s experience and their response to it?
In a world controlled by adults, children experience themselves as inferior and develop inferiority complexes. This provides them impetus to grow, dominate, and be superior, which he called the “masculine protest.”
What did Adler mean by “organ inferiority?”
The identification of an inferiority complex with a specific part of the body.
How does Adler explain neurosis, psychosis, and delinquency?
A child develops compensatory patterns of behavior to defend against feelings of inferiority. Some styles of life overcompensate and become self-destructive.
What is the goal of Adlerian psychotherapy?
To help a client replace a “mistaken style of life” with an adaptive one.
What were some of the technical contributions to psychotherapy made by Adler?
- exploration of life style determinants
- family atmosphere
- distorted beliefs and attitudes
- birth order
- role playing
- advice and encouragement
Who were the Neo-Freudians and what was their focus?
- Karen Horney
- Harry Stack Sullivan
- Eric Fromm
They minimized the role of instinctual drives and emphasized social and cultural determinants of personality.
What are some modern programs based on Adlerian therapy?
- STEP: Systematic Training for Effective Parenting
- STET: Systematic Training for Effective Teaching
Who was Karen Horney and what were some of her key contributions?
She was a Neo-Freudian. She postulated the idea of basic anxiety, a child’s experience of helplessness and isolation in a hostile world, and three modes of response to it: movement toward others, movement against others, and movement away from others. Healthy people are facile with all three; neurosis comes from over-reliance on only one.
Who was Harry Stack Sullivan and what was one of his key contributions?
He was a Neo-Freudian. He recognized the role of cognitive experience in personality development, which he divided into three sequential modes (see related card).
What were Harry Stack Sullivan’s three modes of cognitive experience?
- prototaxic mode
- pre-linguistic (first few months of life)
- discrete, unconnected, momentary states
- may characterize experience of schizophrenics - parataxic mode
- private/autistic symbols
- belief in causal connections where there are none, but which serve developing self and are anxiolytic - syntaxic mode
- symbols with shared meaning and logical, sequential, consistent thinking
- underlies language acquisition in at end of first year of life
