Diuretics

Question 1

What are the loop diuretics

Answer 1

Furosemide

Toresemide

Question 2

What are the thiazides

Answer 2

Chlorthalidone
Hydrochlorothiazide
Metolazone

Question 3

What are the K sparing diuretics

Answer 3

Spironolactone
Eplerenone
Amiloride
Triamterene

Question 4

What is the CAH inhibitor

Answer 4

Acetazolamide

Question 5

What is the osmotic diuretic

Answer 5

Mannitol

Question 6

What is the ADH antagonist and acts on V1 and 2

Answer 6

Conivaptan

Question 7

What do loop diuretics act on

Answer 7

NKCC2

Question 8

What do thiazides act on

Answer 8

NCCT

Question 9

What acts as an aldosterone antagonist

Answer 9

Spironolactone

Eplerenone

Question 10

What acts on ENaC

Answer 10

Amiloride

Triamterene

Question 11

DOC for acute pulm edema with HF

Answer 11

Loop diuretics

Question 12

HTN in DI

Answer 12

Thiazides

Question 13

Main AE for Loop

Answer 13

Ototoxicity

Hypokalemia

Question 14

Main AE for aldosterone agonists

Answer 14

Irregular menstrual cycle
gynecomastia
Impotence

Question 15

Main AE for Acetazolamide

Answer 15

Metabolic acidosis

Question 16

Main AE for Mannitol

Answer 16

Dehydration

Question 17

What are the most effective diuretic

Answer 17

Loop

Question 18

Which diuretic class decrease PVR and BP even after volume recovery

Answer 18

Thiazides

Question 19

What are the sulfa derivatives

Answer 19

Thiazides

Question 20

What is the NKCC2

Answer 20

Na/Cl/K cotransporter

Question 21

Where do loops act

Answer 21

LOH duh

Question 22

What increases PG synthesis via COX 2

Answer 22

Loop diuretics

Question 23

Under what conditions can you give loop diuretic

Answer 23

Hypercalcemia

Hyperkalemia

Question 24

What is the urine composition in a pt on loop diuretics

Answer 24

Increased Ca, Na, K, Mg, volume

Question 25

What is the urine composition in a pt on thiazides

Answer 25

Increased Na, K, Cl, Mg, volume | Decreased Ca

Question 26

AE of Loops

Answer 26

Hyperuricemia (since renal clearance is affected) Acute hypovolemia Hypomagnesemia Allergies (sulfa)

Question 27

What is NCCT

Answer 27

NA/Cl cotransporter

Question 28

Where is NCCT

Answer 28

DCT

Question 29

Do thiazides have a ceiling effect

Answer 29

Yes

Question 30

When can you give a thiazide

Answer 30

HTN Mild HF Hypercalcemia

Question 31

What are the less obvious AE for thiazides

Answer 31

Hyperuricemia Hyperglycemia Hyperlipidemia

Question 32

Where do aldosterone antagonists act

Answer 32

Collecting tubule

Question 33

How are aldosterone antagonists administered

Answer 33

Orally but with other diuretics

Question 34

When are aldosterone antagonists given

Answer 34

Primary hyperaldosteronism | Edema

Question 35

What is the urine composition in a pt on aldosterone antagonists

Answer 35

Increased Na | Decreased K

Question 36

Which K sparing induce P450

Answer 36

Spironolactone | Epleronone

Question 37

AE in aldosterone antagonists

Answer 37

GI upset, peptic ulcers Hyperkalemia Nausea/lethargy Mental confusion

Question 38

What is ENaC

Answer 38

Na channel

Question 39

Where is ENaC

Answer 39

Collecting duct

Question 40

AE of ENaC inhibitors

Answer 40

Same as spironolactone Leg cramps Increase BUN and uric acid

Question 41

What acts in the PT

Answer 41

Acetazolamide

Question 42

How does Acetazolamide work

Answer 42

Prevent H formation for Na reabsorption

Question 43

What is Acetazolamide used for

Answer 43

Glaucoma (reduce aqueous humor) Mountain sickness prophylaxis Epilepsy

Question 44

Urine composition in pt on Acetazolamide

Answer 44

Increased Na, K, bicarb

Question 45

How does Acetazolamide affect urine pH

Answer 45

Increases

Question 46

Contraindication for Acetazolamide use

Answer 46

Hepatic cirrhosis

Question 47

Which diuretic does not affect Na excretion

Answer 47

Mannitol

Question 48

When is Mannitol used

Answer 48

Increased ICP Acute renal failure (shock) Drug toxicity Trauma (maintain urine)

Question 49

Which diuretics are IV only

Answer 49

Mannitol | Conivaptan

Question 50

AE of Mannitol

Answer 50

Renal stones | K depletion

Question 51

Where does Conivaptan act

Answer 51

Collecting tubule

Question 52

What is Conivaptan used for

Answer 52

SIADH | Hyponatremia

Question 53

What is the urine composition of someone on Conivaptan

Answer 53

Dilute urine | Decreased Na

Question 54

AE for Conivaptan

Answer 54

Nephrogenic DI | Renal failure