Electrolytes and Acid/Bases Flashcards
(25 cards)
Normal pH Range
7.35-7.45
Normal Bicarbonate Range
22-26
Normal CO2 Range
35-34
Dehydration Complications
- Shock
- Oliguria
- Tachycardia
- Hypotension
- Impaired renal function or renal injury
- Hypoperfusion of Organs
Overhydration Complications
- Hypertension
- Organ Congestions
- Peripheral Edema
- Impaired Renal fx
- Impaired Pulmonary exchange
Role of Sodium
Primary extracellular cation. regulates fluid balance and blood pressure, nerve and muscle fx
Role of Potassium
Largely intracellular, crucial for heart rhythm, muscle contraction, and cellular metabolism
Role of Chloride
Primarily extracellular anion maintains acid-base balance and contributes to stomach acid
Role of Magnesium
A cofactor in numerous enzymatic reactions and supports muscle and nerve fx
Role of Calcium
Contributes to bone health, muscle contraction, nerve signalling, and blood clotting
Symptoms of hyper/hyponatremia
Hypo = Overhydration
Hyper = Dehydration
Symptoms of Hypo/Hyper Calcemia and Magnesiemia
Hypo= Everything up
Hyper = Everything down
Symptoms of Hypo/Hyper Phosphateimia
Hypo= mimics hypercalcemia
Hyper = minics hypocalcemia (reverse relationship)
ECG changes for K
Hypo = U waves, Flat/inverted T waves, ST depression
Hyper = Tall peaked T waves!!, Prolonged PR interval, Flat P wave
ECG changes for Ca
Hypo= Prolonged ST, prolonged QT,
Hyper = Shortened ST, Widened T wave, Heart block
ECG changes for Mg
Hypo = Tall T wave, depressed ST segment
Hyper = Prolonged PR, wide QRS
Role of Phosphorous
Stored in bones, holds RBC membrane together, muscle contraction, metabolizes Ca, regulated by parathyroid
What is Tetany
A medical emergency. Muscle spasms that may lead to seizures or difficulty breathing, typically caused by hypocalcemia
Acid/base rule of Bs
If Bicarb and pH Both go in the same direction, it is metaBolic
As the _____ goes, so goes my Pt, except for _____
As the pH goes, so goes my Pt, except for potassium
What acid/base disorder will have Kussmaul breathing
Metabolic Acidosis (Our fav Scotsman, MACkussmal)
What signs will a patient with hypocalcemia be positive for
Chvostek’s sign (contration of facial muscle), Trousseau’s sign (salt bae with BP cuff)
When does torsades de pointes occur
It occurs with hypomagnesiemia. It is a life-threatening ventricle tachycrdia with pronlonged QT
Hypotonic/crystalloid solutions and what they do
2.5% dextrose and 0.45% NS
Body fluids shift out of intravascular space and into cells and interstitial tissue
