Endocrine Flashcards
(26 cards)
Roles of cortisol
- metabolism and BG
- stress
- catecholeamine release
Role of Aldosterone
- Na reabsorption = increased BP and BV
Role of the parathyroid
Increases serum calcium
Role of calcitonin
Decreases amount of blood in blood stream by way of bone absorption
Addisons Disease (s/s and tx)
Hypofunction of the adrenal cortex resulting in depleted cortisol and aldosterone
- Low mood
- hypotension
- hyperpigmentation
- decreased pubic hair
- decreased apetite
- salt craving
- hypoglycaemic
- Cannot handle STRESS (no cortisol)
TX: steroids “sone”
Cushing Disease (s/s and tx)
Hyperfunction of the adrenal cortex. Caused by prolonged exposure to corticosteroids or an adrenal tumor
- moon face
- abdominal/central obesity
- hirsutism (facial hair)
- hunch back
- abdominal striae
- increased appetite and BG
- retaining water and Na, loosing K
Tx: adrenalectomy, then steroids
Addisonian crisis
Triggered by illness, injury or stress. Addisonians CANT HANDLE STRESS
S/S HOTN, tachycardia, shock, hyperkalemia
Hypothyroidism
Hypometabolism
S/S (low): ALOC, hypothermia (cold intolerance), HOTN, constipation, weight gain, muscle pain, hyporeflexia.
Tx: thyroid replacement (levothyroxine)
Hyperthyroidism
Hypermetabolism
S/S (up): weight loss, heat intolerance, high energy, achy, sweating, goiter
Myxedema Coma
Complication of hypothyroidism
- caused by illness or SEDATIVES
s/s:
- decreased BP, hypoventilation, hypothermia
Post thyroidectomy Care
- Maintian airway
- suction/02/trach kit available
- semifowlers
- monitor for stridor from larygneal nerve damage
- low Ca can cause tetany further causing laryngeal spasm (parathyroid often rejoved or damaged)
Pancreatitis
Inflammation of the pancreas causing disruption in flow of enzymes. This can lead to a back up and enzymes being released into the pancreas causing self digestion. (hx of alcohol abuse)
S/S: epigastric or back pain especially after eating, fatty stools
Complications:
- hemorrhage (from vessel breakdown),
-Shock
-Hypocalcemia (pancreatic fat being digested then binds with Ca
- Hyperglycaemia
Humalog/Lispro
Onset: 15 min
Peak: 30 min
Duration: 3hrs
NPH
Onset: 6hr
Peak: 8-10hr
Duration: 12 hr
Regular
Onset: 1hr
Peak: 2hr
Duration: 4hr
Long acting/Basaglar
Onset: 1-4hr
Peak: none
Duration: 12-24hrs
Thyroid strom
Increase in thyroid hormones resulting in a hypermetabolic state. Triggered by illness, thyroid sx, any surgery, acute idodine load
S/S: high fever, tachy, HTN, arrhythmia, seizure, N/V, aggitation, confusion.
TX: cold therapy, antithyroid meds, rehydrate, betablockers
Tx DM1
DIE
- diet (least important)
- insulin (most important)
- exercise
Tx DM2
DOA
- diet (most important)
- oral hypoglycemic
- activity
S/S and Tx DKA
D = dehydration
K = Kussmals, Ketones, high K
A = Acetone breath, Acidosis, Anorexia d/t nausea
(tachycardia, tachypnea, abdopain, polyuria, vomiting, hypergylcemia)
TX
1. increase blood volume
2. IV insulin (q1hr BBGM)
3. monior blood pH
4. Once BG stablized insulin drip continues to get rid of ketones but D5W is started
5. watch for rebound hypokalemia
What is Acanthosis Nigricans
A darkening and thickening of the skin around the neck and axilla that could indicate diabetes mellitus
What are the criteria of metabolic syndrome
We Better Think High Glucose
- Waist Circ >= 40 (M) >= 30 (W)
- BP >=130 >= 85 or on BP meds
- Triglycerides >= 150
- HDL < 40 (M), <50 (W) or on HDL meds
- Fasting Glucose >150 (5.6)
What is acromegaly
Pituitary gland produces too much growth hormone
What is SIADH and what can cause it
Excessive antidiuretic hormone leading to excessivev water resorption, water retention and dilutional hyponatremia.
- It can be caused by central nervous system disorders, meds, sx, or malignancy such as certain cancers for example small cell lung carcinoma
