Pharmacology Flashcards
(31 cards)
Aminoglycoside family
Abx ending in “mycin”
- excluding “THROmycins” such as erythromycin
- A MEAN OLD MYCIN = for severe, deadly infections
COMPLICATIONS
- Ears, such as hearing loss, tinnitus, vertigo. (think mycin=mice=big ear)
- Nephro complications (monitor Cr), (ear and kidney same shape)
- Cranial nerve 8, because an 8 fits in ear shape nicely
Calcium Channel Blockers
End in dipine (also vermapril, cardizem)
- They relax and slow down the heart and lower BP (negative Ino, Chrono, Dromotropic)
- A, AA, AAA (antihypertensive, anti anginal, anti atrial arrythmia
- Parameters: hold if BP<100
Beta Blockers
End in lol
- Lower HR and BP, and help with atrial arrhythmias
- bronchoconstrict
Ace Inhibitors
End in pril
- lower BP
- can cause dry cough and hyperkalemia
Adenosine
Given IV push for atrial arrythmias. Often causes temporary (30 sec systole)
Lidocane & Amiodarone
Both are treatments for ventricular arrythmias
Epinephrine and Atropine
Given in that order for v-fib and asystole (Note: also d-fib for v-fib)
Lithium
Antimania drug used for Bipolar, specifically manic episodes.
Therapeutic level 0.6-1.2
Toxic level > 2
- pt must be hydrated, do not take with NSAIDs
SE (3Ps)
- Polyuria
- Pooping
- Paresthesia
TOXIC SE
- Tremors
- Metallic Taste
- Severe Diarrhea
Digoxin/Lanoxin
Used to treat HF and a-fib. Decreases HR
Therapeutic level 0.5-2
Toxic level >2
- Do not give if HR <90
- Moniotr K levels (hypokalemia can cause toxicity)
Signs of Digoxin Toxicity
Cardiac arrhythmia, bradycardia, heartblock, dizziness, visual symptoms, N/V, abdominal pain, confusion, lethargy
Aminophylline
Muscle spasm relaxer for the airway
(compound of the bronchodialtor theophylline)
Therapeutic level: 10-20
Toxic level: >20
Dilantin (phenytoin)
Anticonvulsant.
Therapeutic: 10-20
Toxic: > 20
- Can cause gingival hyperplasia, folic acid depletion, and osteoporosis
Signs of Phenytoin toxicity
nystagmus (rapid eye movements) balance torubles, ataxia (lost control of body movements), slurred speech
Billirubin
Breakdown product of red blood cells
Normal level in adults 0.2-1.2
Elevated level in baby: 10-20
Toxic: > 20
When should anti-platelet medication be stopped before surgery
5-7 days
Varenicline
Smoking cessation agent
Examples of NSAIDs
- ibuprofen
- naproxen
- aspirin
- Indomethacin
- Meloxicam
- Ketorolac
Hypouremic Medications
- Rasburicase
- Allopurinol
Hydroxychloroquine
Antimalarial agent that reduces immune activity without inducing immunosuppression.
- Causes retinal toxicity
What do ALL psych drugs cause
Low BP and Weight changes (typically weight gain)
Phenothiazines
1st gen antipsychotic, end in ZINE
(thorazine, compazine)
- Major tranquilizers
- In small doses can be used as antiemetics
SE (ABCDEFG
- Anticholinergic (dry mouth, urinary retention)
- Blurred vision
- Constipation
- Drowsiness
- EPS (tremors, like parkinsons)
- Fotosensitivity
- aGranulocytosis (low WBC, immunosupressed)
Decanoate/Caprate
Long acting form of a drug
- IM for non-complicance
- Often court ordered
Tricyclic Antidepressants
Mood elevators, grnadfathered into the NSSRI group (Non-selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors)
E.g: Elavil, Trofranil, Aventyl, Desyrel
- Onset 2-4 weeks
SE (ABCDE)
- Anticholinergic (dry mouth)
- Blurred vision
- Constipation
- Drowsiness
- Euphoria
Benzodiazepines
Anti-anxiety, minor tranquilzers. Always have ZEP in the name, and sometimes end in LAM or PAM
Side uses:
- seizure meds
- pre-op induction of anesthesia
- muscle relaxant
- EtOH withdrawal
- Ventilation (calms pt on vent)
SE:
- Anticholingeric
- Blurred vision
- Constipation
- Drowsiness
