Pediatrics Flashcards
(35 cards)
Congential heart defects
TRouBLe
- shunt Right to Left
- pt is Blue or cyanotic
- all start with T
What are the 4 defects of Tetralogy Fallot
VarieD PictureS Of A RancH
- Ventricular Defect
- Pulmonary Stenosis
- Overriding Aorta
- Right Hypertrophy
Kernicterus
Occurs when billirubin >20 and gets into brain. Can be deadly.
Its irritates the meninges and the newborn can take on the opisthotonos position (hyperflexed back bend)
Kawasaki Disease (phases and Tx)
systemic inflammation of the arterial walls
Acute phase:
- fever
- rash
- strawberry tongue
- conjunctivitis
Subacute phase
- skin peeling on plams and soles
Tx:
- IV Immunoglobulin
- Aspirin
- Echo
S/S of tetralogy of fallot
- hypoxemia made worse with exertion/feeding
- systolic ejection murmur
- heart failure
- failure to thrive
- infective endocarditis
- thrombolytic events
Hypercyanotic episodes
AKA Tet spells, occur from too much unoxygenated blood circulating
S/S
- deep breathing
- cyanosis
Coarctation of Aorta
Narrowing of the aorta, resulting in decreased C02
S/S
- high pulse pressure in upper extremities, diminished pulse pressure in lower extremities
Patent Ductus Arteriousus
Congential heart defect where a vessel connecting the aorta to the pulmonary artery remains open
- usually resolves itself in 48hrs
Interventions for “tet” spells
- Knees to chest position
- admin 02
- soothe infant
- IV fluids
- Morphine
Hirschsprung Disease
congenital defect causing distal intestinal obstruction.
S/S
- distended abdomen
- no meconium passes within 48 hrs
- can’t feed
- vomit green bile
Pyloric stenosis
Lower part of stomach becomes narrowed /thickend preventing food from being passed.
S/S
- projectile vomit
- very hungry
- dehydrated (sunken fontanels)
- olive shapped mass
Intussuseption
Intestine prolapses into other part of intestine. Air enema sometime fixes, if not sx is needed
S/S
- adbo pain
- bloody jelly poop
- palpable sausage mass
- screeming and drawing up of knees
PKU
Phenylalaine enzyme deficiency
- needs a low phenylalaine diet: no meat, eggs, milk/special formula
Infant anemia
Iron deficiency anemia typically in preterm babies.
Babies save up iron stores while in utero, if born early they don’t have time to do that.
Post op cleft lip repair care
- pain management
- position baby upright/suping after feeding
- nothing hard in mouth
- elbow restraints to avoid baby from touching site
Leukemia
Bone marrow cancer:
S/S
- low rbc, low platelets, low mature abc
- weight loss
- immunocompromised
- bone pain
- hepatosplenomegaly
Hemophilia
Lack of clotting factors, life long disease, can cause joint problems
Mononucleosis
Viral infection spread through oral secretions (kissing disease)
S/S
- fatigue
- hepatosplenomegaly
- exudate on tonsils
- rash
-swollen lymph nodes
MMR vaccine
Given at 12-15 months, but if baby exposed to measles early it can be given to prevent spread
- it is a live vaccine so dont give to immunocompromised kids
Botulism
Food poisoning from eating contaminated food, commonly honey
S/S
- constipation
- difficulty feeding
- no head control
- diminished TDR
Pertussis
Aka whooping cough. A very infectious bacterial infection with a cough so strong it can cause vomiting, rib fractures, apnea, and bleeding.
- The cough sticks around for 6-10 weeks
- Pt no longer contagious after 5 days abx
Fifth disease
Viral Ilness
S/S
- rash on face that spreads, general malaise and joint pain
Reye Syndrome
Rare condition that develops from viral infection or aspirin use
S/S
- fever
- acute encephalitis
- altered hepatic function
- confusion
Scarlet fever
S/S
- red rash on neck and chest that spreads, looks like sunburn, feels like sandpaper
- sore throat
