Safety and Infection Control

Question 1

Airbone Precautions and diseases needing it

Answer 1

Precautions
- Negative pressure room
- respirator mask (N95)
- pt should wear sx mask when leaving room
Diseases “Air MTV”
- Measles, Mumps, Rubella
- TB
- Varicella zoster (shingles, chicken pox)

Question 2

Contact Precautions and diseases needing it

Answer 2

Precautions
- gloves and gown
- eye and face protection when anticipating splash
- dedicated equioment
Diseases
- MRSA, VRE, (drug resistant bacteria)
- C-diff
- RSV/influenza (can live on surface)
- Skin infections: wound infection, herpes, impetigo (red sores, common in kids), pediculosis (lice), scabies.
- Eye infections

Question 3

Speacial considerations for C-diff

Answer 3

• hand hygiene with soap and water
• equipment must be cleaned with bleach agent

Question 4

Droplet Precautions and some common diseases

Answer 4

Precaution
- Sx mask
- more PPE if anticipating splashing
Disease
- Influenza
- Mumps
- Meningitis
- Pertussis (whooping cough)
- Pneumonia
- Sepsis
- Streptococcal pharyngitis
- (cough or throat infections)

Question 5

Ebola Symptoms and Precautions

Answer 5

Symptoms
- fever greater than 38
- severe headaches
- weakness/fatigue
- diarrhea
- vomiting
- abdo pain
- unexplained bleeding or bruising!!
Precautions
- track everyone who entered room
- spread through contact with objects that have been contaminated (bedding, sharps, equipment, clothes)

Question 6

Seizure Precautions

Answer 6

At bedside
- Suction and 02 (at safe distance from pt)
- padded side rails
- low stimulus environment
During seizure
- stay with pt and time seizure
- remove/loosen restricitve clothing
- ease to ground if needed
- monitor airway (look for signs of cyanosis)
- do not place anything in mouth

Question 7

Assessment and monitoring of Pt in restraints

Answer 7

Frequently assess:
- need for restraints (remove q4h?)
- skin integrity
- circulation
Frequently provide:
- Range of motion exercises
- Skin care
- Toileting, nutrition, hydration, hygiene

Question 8

Infections unsafe for pregnant staff

Answer 8

TORCH
Toxoplasmosis, Other, Rubella (measles), Cytomegalovirus, Herpes
OTHER:
- Varicella VZV shingles, chikenpox
- Parvovirus

Question 9

HIV and how it transmits

Answer 9

A virus that attacks WBCs, transmitted thorugh bodily fluids such as semen, vaginal secretions, blood, and breast milk. It cannot be transmitted through urine, saliva, sweat, or emesis

Question 10

How to measure size of crutches

Answer 10

2-3 finger widths between pad and axillary fold, when tip of crutch is approximately 6 inches in front and to the side of body

Question 11

2-point gait

Answer 11

Think of cructh as extension of the arm. Move one cructh with the opposite foot, then the other crutch and foot

Question 12

3-point gait

Answer 12

Move both crutches and affected leg forward, then bring in strong leg

Question 13

4-point gait

Answer 13

Everything separate
Move 1 cructh, move opposite foot, move other crutch, move opposite foot

Question 14

Swing through gait

Answer 14

Like 3 point but without putting down affected leg because its not there

Question 15

Up and Down stairs

Answer 15

Up with the good, down with the bad

Question 16

Cane usage

Answer 16

Hold the cane on the unaffected side. Handgrip should be at waist

Question 17

How to know who needs what crutch gait

Answer 17

• Even gaits for when both legs are affected (2 for mild, 4 for severe)
• Odd for one leg (3 point)
• swing if non weight bearing on one leg (amputated)