org chem finals lesson 2

Question 1

3 classes of compounds derived from
carboxylic acids are

Answer 1

anhydrides, esters,
and amides

Question 2

is two carbonyl group bonded to the same oxygen

Answer 2

anhydride

Question 3

may be symmetrical (2 identical acyl groups) or mixed (2 different acyl group)

Answer 3

anhydride

Question 4

drop the word “acid” from the name of carbpxylic acid from which the ___ is derived

Answer 4

anhydride

Question 5

2 phosphoryl (P=O)
groups bonded to the same O atom

Answer 5

phosphoric
anhydride

Question 6

is C=O bonded to an -OR
group.

Answer 6

ester

Question 7

A cyclic amide is called a

Answer 7

lactam

Question 8

A cyclic ester is called a

Answer 8

lactone

Question 9

is a carbonyl
group (C=O) bonded to a nitrogen atom.

Answer 9

amides

Question 10

The penicillins are called

Answer 10

β-lactam
antibiotics

Question 11

The ____ are also ß-lactam
antibiotics.

Answer 11

cephalosporins

Question 12

is the most commonly
used preparation of esters.

Answer 12

Fischer esterification

Question 13

is
reacted with an alcohol in the presence of an
acid catalyst, such as concentrated sulfuric acid, H2SO4

Answer 13

carboxylic acid

Question 14

is a chemical decomposition
involving breaking a bond and the addition of
the elements of water.

Answer 14

Hydrolysis

Question 15

particularly the low-
molecular- weight ones, react readily with
water (hydrolyze) to give two carboxylic
acids.

Answer 15

Carboxylic anhydrides,

Question 16

hydrolyze only very slowly, even in boiling water

Answer 16

Esters

Question 17

becomes considerably more rapid, however,
when the ester is heated in aqueous acid or base.

Answer 17

Hydrolysis

Question 18

in aqueous acid is the reverse of
Fischer esterification

Answer 18

Hydrolysis of esters

Question 19

large excess of water drives the equilibrium to the
right to form the carboxylic acid and alcohol.

Answer 19

ester hydrolysis

Question 20

require more vigorous conditions for
hydrolysis in both acid and base than esters.

Answer 20

Amides

Question 21

is driven to completion by the acid-
base reaction between ammonia or the amine and
the acid to form an ammonium ion.

Answer 21

Hydrolysis

Question 22

is prepared by the reaction of salicylic
acid with acetic anhydride

Answer 22

Aspirin

Question 23

do not react with NH3 or with
amines

Answer 23

Amides

Question 24

are formed by
reaction between 2 molecules, each of
which contains two functional groups.

Answer 24

Step-growth polymers

Question 25

the first purely synthetic fiber

Answer 25

Nylon-66

Question 26

It is synthesized from 2 six-carbon monomers.

Answer 26

Nylon-66

Question 27

The polyaromatic amide known as ____ is made from an aromatic dicarboxylic acid and an aromatic diamine

Answer 27

Kevlar

Question 28

___, the most familiar polycarbonate, is formed through the reaction between the disodium salt of bisphenol A and phosgene

Answer 28

Lexan