Histology - 514-3 Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Histology - 514-3 Deck (38)
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1
Q

Does the periosteum extend to the articular surfaces in a long bone?

A

No. Articular surfaces are free of periosteum

2
Q

What is the inner lining membrane in a bone called?

A

Endosteum

3
Q

Define:
Periosteum
Endosteum
Sharpey’s fibers

A

periosteum - dense irregular connective tissue contiguous with internal endosteum containing potentiating fibroblasts.
Sharpey’s are type I collagen that connect periosteum to the compact bone matrix

4
Q

Is bone innervated

A

highly

bone cancer patients feel extreme pain

5
Q

Where is dipole and what is its function?

A
Middle layer of spongy bone
Collapsing layer (absorbs blows)
6
Q

What are small, thin, isolated pieces of bone called?

A

Spicules

7
Q

What kind of junctions exist at the end of pseudopods?

A

Gap

8
Q

What four components flow through the central canal of an osteon?

A

Artery, Vein, Nerve, Lymphatic

9
Q

What is the organic/inorganic make-up of bone matrix?

A

35% organic / 65% inorganic

10
Q

What are the two structural components of the organic matter in bones?

A

Proteoglycans and Type I collagen

11
Q

Name 3 non-structural, non collagenous proteins making up the organic material in bone?

A

Osteocalcin (mineralizes / regulated by Vita D3)
Osteopontin (remodeling)
Sialoprotein (binds osteoblasts to ECM via integrins)

12
Q

Inorganic matter of bone is mostly…

A

Hydroxyapatite (85%)

13
Q

Name 5 zones in the metaphysis

A
Zone of:
Reserve Cartilage
Cell Proliferation
Cell Hypertrophy
Calcification
Bone Deposition
14
Q

What is indicative of a hypertrophic chondrocyte?

A

Swelling

15
Q

What’s another name for the metaphysis

A

Growth plate (epiphyseal plate)

16
Q

What type of growth increases bone length?

A

Interstitial

17
Q

What type of growth increases bone width?

A

Appositional

18
Q

Why do girls grow faster?

A

Estrogen

19
Q

Growth hormone causes…

A

bone elongation

20
Q

thyroid hormone increases metabolic rate of…

A

osteoblasts

21
Q

Calcitonin

A

deposits calcium

inhibits osteoclasts

22
Q

PTH

A

stimulates osteoclast growth and increases blood Ca+ levels

23
Q

Glucocorticoids are increased by…

A

stress

cause bone loss / impair growth

24
Q

What gland secretes GH (growth hormone)

A

Anterior Pituitary

25
Q

Why are multiple samples necessary to determine GH levels?

A

Pulsatile secretion

26
Q

Hypersecretion of GH can lead to

A

giantism

27
Q

Thickening of hand, foot, jaw, and brow bones throughout life is called…

A

Acromegaly (hormone disorder)

28
Q

How many types of dwarfism are there?

A

Over 200

29
Q

What type of dwarfism is characterized by normal sized head and short longbones?

A

Achondroplastic dwarfism

30
Q

What is pituitary dwarfism characterized by?

A

Normal proportions

31
Q

What is primordial dwarfism?

A

growth proportional but severely delayed

32
Q

What are the four types of bone cells?

A

osteoprogenitor, osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts

33
Q

What type of collagen do osteoblasts secrete?

A

Type I

34
Q

What cell secretes osteocalcin and what does it do?

A

Osteoblasts

Directs hydroxyapatite and forms mineralized matrix

35
Q

What binds osteoblast to the matrix through itegrins?

A

Sialoprotein

36
Q

What creates a low pH at the osteoclast ruffled border?

A

Hydrogen ions (HCl)

37
Q

What are the two main components of bone and how do osteoclasts break them down?

A

Matrix - HCl

Collagan fibrils - acid phosphatase (released by lysosomes)

38
Q

________ are stimulated by increased pressure and ________ are stimulated by decreased pressure.

A

OsteoClasts

OsteoBlasts

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