Histology of the Urinary system

Question 1

what are the 3 main functions of the kidney

Answer 1

• fliter blood
• dispose nitrogenous wastes
• regulate water, electrolyte, and acid/base balances

Question 2

kidneys are where in reference to the peritoneum

Answer 2

retroperitoneal

Question 3

which kidney is lower and why

Answer 3

right kidney is lower cuz of liver

Question 4

the renal capsule is composed of how many layers ?, what are they

Answer 4

2

• outer layer w/ lots of collagen and few fibroblasts
• inner layer w/few collagen and lots fibroblasts

Question 5

where is the renal papilla located and where is the base of the pyramids

Answer 5

renal papilla is apex of pyramid pointing towads hilum

-base of pyramids is facing the cortex

Question 6

what part of the kidney are renal corpuscles located

Answer 6

renal cortex

Question 7

one renal lobe consists of ?

Answer 7

• renal pyramid w/ overlying cortex

- 1/2 of adj. renal collum

Question 8

why is the glomerular bed of the kidney unusual

Answer 8

• because it has arterioles going to and away from it (instead of just veins away from it)
• because it has 2 capillary beds in 1 series

Question 9

where are the arcuate arteries located

Answer 9

arching over the base of the pyramids by the cortex

Question 10

1 afferent arteriole supplies _____ nephrons/glomeruli

Answer 10

one

Question 11

what is the pattern of vasculature starting from the aorta and ending at the internal vena cava

Answer 11

AORTA —> renal a.—> segmental a. —> lobar a. —> interlobar a. —> arcuate a. —-> interlobular a. —-> afferent arteriole —-> GLOMERULUS —> efferent arteriole —> peritubular cappilaries —> interlobular v. —-> arcuate vein —> interlobar v. —-> lobar v. —-> renal v. —–> IFV

Question 12

what are the 3 responsibilities of the nephron

Answer 12

1 - filtration
2- resorption
3 - secretion

Question 13

what is the structural and functional unit of the kidney

Answer 13

nephron

Question 14

what are the 2 parts of the nephron

Answer 14

• renal corpuscle (filtration)

- renal tubule (reabsorption and secretion)

Question 15

where does every nephron drain to

Answer 15

collecting ducts

Question 16

what part of the nephron does the reabsorption and secretion occur

Answer 16

renal tubule

Question 17

what is a uriniferous tubule

Answer 17

nephron + collecting tubule

Question 18

what are the 2 types of nephrons and how do they differ

Answer 18

juxtamedulary nephron - very long loop of Henle (extreme concentration of urine)
coritcal nephron - very short loop of Henle

Question 19

what are the 2 components of the renal corpuscle

Answer 19

• glomerulus (tuft of capillaries)

- bowmans capsule

Question 20

where does filtration occur

Answer 20

renal corpuscle

Question 21

what is the bowmans capsule

Answer 21

double layered epithelial cup surrounding the glomerules

-

Question 22

what are the 2 layers of the bowmans capsule

Answer 22

• visceral internal layer

- parietal external layer

Question 23

where is the vascular pole in reference to the renal corpuscle

Answer 23

at the open end of the cup where vasculature enters and exits

Question 24

where is the tubular pole in reference to the renal corpuscle

Answer 24

opposite the open end, where filtrate exits bowmans capsule

Question 25

what are podocytes and where can they be found

Answer 25

simple squamous epithelial cells in visceral layer of the bowmans capsule

Question 26

what are the extensions of podocytes cell bodies called ?

Answer 26

pedicels

Question 27

what is the space b/w pedicel extensions called

Answer 27

filtration slit

Question 28

there is a semipermeable membrane covering the pedicels and filtration space, what is it called and what specifically is too Large to pass through it

Answer 28

slit diaphragm, RBC to big to pass through it

Question 29

what does the renal tubule (component of nephron) consist of

Answer 29

- Proximal convuluted tubule (PCT) - Loop of Henle - Distal convoluted tubule (DCT)

Question 30

what part of the renal tubule is know for having a microvilli brush border giving the lumen a cloudy/fuzzy apparence

Answer 30

-PCT

Question 31

what type of epithelial cells are found in the visceral and parietal layers of the bowmans capsule

Answer 31

simple squamous

Question 32

what type of epithelial cells are found in the thick descending and ascending limbs of the looop of Henle

Answer 32

simple cuboidal epithelium

Question 33

what type of epithelial cells are found in the thin descending and ascending limbs of the loop of henle

Answer 33

simple squamous epithelieum

Question 34

both the PCT and DCT would be found where in a cross section, the cortex or medulla

Answer 34

renal cortex

Question 35

the DCT has more or less microvilli compared to PCT

Answer 35

much smaller and little to no microvilli

Question 36

what is the macula densa

Answer 36

thickened region of cells by the ascending limb

Question 37

what are the juxtaglomerular cells

Answer 37

flat muscle cells by afferent arterioles

Question 38

what makes up the juxtaglomerular apparatus and where is it found

Answer 38

macula densa + juxtaglomerular cells | -located in the vascular pole

Question 39

what type of epithelial cells are found in the collecting ducts

Answer 39

simple cuboidal epithelium

Question 40

what does a cross section from the collecting duct look like in relation to the PCT and DCT

Answer 40

larger lumen, NO microvilli so very clear

Question 41

what is the drain pattern of urine starting from the collecting tubules and ending at the urethra

Answer 41

collecting tubules ---> colelcting ducts ---> papillary ducts ---> minor calyx ---> major calyx ---> renal pelvis ---> ureter ---> urinary bladder ---> urethra

Question 42

what propels urine from the kidney to urinary bladder

Answer 42

peristalsis of the ureter

Question 43

what type of epithelium would you find at the mucosa layer of the urinary bladder

Answer 43

transistional epithelium/urothelium

Question 44

what type of epithelium would you find in the male urethra in the prostatic part , membranous part, and spongy part

Answer 44

prostatic - urothelium membranous - stratified or pseudostratified collumnar spongy - stratified or pseudostratified collumnar

Question 45

what type of epithelium would you find in the female urethra

Answer 45

urothelium proximally then change to | -stratified squamous distally