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Anatomy > Intro to Neuroanatomy and Brain Structure > Flashcards

Intro to Neuroanatomy and Brain Structure Flashcards

1
Q

2 broad divisions of the nervous system

A

central nervous system

peripheral nervous system

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2
Q

3 subdivision of the brain

A

cerebrum, cerebellum, brainstem

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3
Q

CNS is composed of ____ and PNS ?

A 
CNS = brain and spinal cord
PNS = spinal and cranial nerves to the rest of the body
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4
Q

structural and functional unit of the nervous system

A

neuron

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5
Q

each neuron consists of what 3 things

A

cell body, axon (info out), dendrite (info in)

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6
Q

what are the 3 types of neurons and which is the most common

A

multipolar (most), bipolar, unipolar

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7
Q

what are the main 3 classes of neurotransmitters

A

small molecules (Ach), monoamines, neuropeptides

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8
Q

what are the 3 types of axons in the CNS

A

tract, lemniscus, peduncle

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9
Q

what are the axons in the PNS

A

nerves

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10
Q

what are the 2 types of nerve cell bodies

A

nucleus, ganglion

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11
Q

definition for the connection of axons at the midline from DIFFERENT locations

A

decussation

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12
Q

definition for connection of axons at midline from the exact same location on the opp. side

A

commisure

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13
Q

what is the largest commisure in the brain

A

corpus callosum

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14
Q

what is a gyri

A

ridges of the brain

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15
Q

what is the sulci

A

grooves of the brain, (deep sulci also callled fissures)

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16
Q

what are the 5 lobes of a cerebral hemisphere

A

frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, limbic

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17
Q

primary motor cortex of the frontal lobe

A

precentral gyrus

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18
Q

Broca’s area

A

area of frontal lobe (usually left side) responsible for production of language

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19
Q

what functional area of frontal lobe is responsible for executive functions (personality, foresight)

A

prefrontal cortex

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20
Q

the postcentral gyrus is the primary _____ cortex of the parietal lobe

A

somatosensory - tactile and proprioception

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21
Q

what side of the brain ususally deals with language

A

left

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22
Q

inferior parietal lobule deals with what function ?

A

language comprehension

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23
Q

primary auditory cortex is found on what lobe

A

temporal

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24
Q

what is Wernike’s area

A

posterior aspect of temporal lobe (usually left) involved in language comprehension

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25
what what lobe of brain is involved with higher order visual processing, learning, and memory
temporal lobe
26
where is the cuneus and lingual gyrus located
medial surface of the occipital lobe
27
what lobe of brain is exclusively used for vision
occipital lobe
28
what is the main function of the limbic system
emotions, drive-related behavior, memory
29
the cingulate and parahippocampal gyri largley make up ?
the limbic lobe
30
where is the insula located and what is its function
deep in the lateral sulcus overlying the fusion of telencephalon and diencephalon -taste
31
four divisions of the diencephalon
thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus, subthalamus
32
what is the massa intermedia
intrathalamic adhesion, area of fusion of thalamus across midline
33
the line where the 3rd ventricle attaches to the thalamus
stria medullaris
34
the thalamus significant and central importance is in _____ function. it has no ___ function except for olfaciton
CNS and motor, sensory
35
what separates the thalamus and hypothalamus
hypothalamic sulcus in wall of 3rd ventricle
36
connection b/w hypothalamus and pituitary gland
infundibular stalk
37
what part of the diencephalon is the king autonomic ganglion and visceral control center
hypothalamus
38
function of the brainstem
acts as a highway of info. to/from cerebrum
39
3 subdivisions of the brainstem
midbrain, pons, medulla
40
what CN arise from the midbrain
III (oculomotor), IV (trochlear)
41
what CN arise from pons
V(trigeminal), VI(abducens), VII(facial), VIII(vestibulocochlear)
42
what CN arise from the medulla
IX-glossopharyngeal ,X-vagus ,XI-accessory ,XII - hypoglossal
43
what is the midline vermis
midline of cerebellum
44
the striatum is apart of the basal ganglia, more specifically its componets are
caudate and putamen
45
lenticular nucleus is apart of the basal ganglia, more specifically its componets are ?
putamen and globus pallidus
46
basal ganglia is involved with what function
movement control
47
the amygdala is apart of what system and can beneath the ____ in the temporal lobe
limbic system, beneath the uncus
48
what part of the brain is filled with CSF
ventricles
49
where is CSF fluid made
choroid plexus
50
what is the function of ventricles ? which is the largest ?
suspend the brain and regulate its fluids | -lateral ventricle
51
large space b/w the arachnoid mater and dura mater filled with CSF fluid
subarachnoid cisterns
52
what is the largest subarachnoid cistern
cisterna magna
53
what is the major site of CSF reabsorbtion into venous system
archnoid villi
54
what connects the 3rd and 4th ventrical
cerebral aquduct
55
which has greater, CSF pressure or venous pressure
CSF>venous pressure
56
dural reflections are good for support of skull, but if intracranial pressure builds what may result
herniation or subdural hematoma
57
what allows the brain to turn with the head
meninges
58
what gives the brain buoyancy
CSF
59
3 layers of the meninges
dura (outer) arachnoid (middle where CSF flows) pia (inner attached to CNS)
60
what is the leptomeninges
arachnoid and pia mater together
61
a tear of meningeal arteries b/w the skull and dura would result in
epidural hematoma
62
tear in menigeal bridging veins b/w 2 layers of the dura would result in
subdural hematoma
63
what and where are the 2 main dural folds
falx cerebri - b/w cerebral hemishperes | tentorium cerebelli - b/w cerebrum and cerebellum
64
supratentorial part of tentorium cereblli would contain _____ infratentorial part ______
cerebrum | cerebellum and brainstem
65
what is the area called b/w the periosteal and meningeal layers of the dura mater
dural venous sinuses
66
what 2 main arteries supply the CNS arterial supply
Internal carotid and Vertebral aa
67
what does the Internal Carotid a. bifurcate into near the optic chiasm
Middle cerebral a. (MCA) | Anterior cerbral a. (ACA)
68
what long and thin branch off the internal carotid is clinically significant in that its involved in strokes
anterior choroidal a.
69
what artery connects the internal carotid a and vertebral vascular system
posterior communicating a.
70
both anterior cerebral arteries (ACA) are connected together by what artery
anterior communicating a.
71
what artery supplies most of the cerebral hemisphere and runs into the lateral sulcus
MCA or middle cerebral a.
72
what is a perforating artery
one that arises from arteries of the deep brain and supply the deep brain
73
what arterial system supplies the brainstem and cerebellum
vertebral basilar system
74
both vertebral arteries connect near the pons to for what artery
basilar a.
75
what does the basilar a. bifurcate into
2 posterior cerebral aa. (PCA's)
76
each vertebral a. before it becomes the basilar a. gives of what 3 branches ?
anterior spinal a. (supplies anterior 2/3 of cord) posterior spinal a. (supplies post. 1/3 of cord) PICA (supplies inferior cerebellum)
77
AICA and SCA aa. come of where in the brain ?
Basilar a.
78
what is the circle of Willis
connection of Internal carotid aa. with vertebral-basilar system via the posterior communicating a.
79
autoregulation of vessels, responses to enzymatic brain activity, and cerebral vascular autonomics are all mechanisms that do what ?
help control cerebral blood flow
80
what controls the movement of fluids from the extracellular space of the body to the extracellular space of the brain
blood-brain barrier
81
located around the 3rd and 4th ventricles, this particular area has NO blood-brain barrier
circumventricular organs
82
what vein does most blood on the superficial brain drain to ?
superior sagittal sinus
83
what vein does most blood from deep internal structures drain too ?
straight sinus
84
the deep venous system of the brain is _____ consistent in organization than superficial venous system
more
85
what is the major deep vein of the brain
internal cerebral vein
86
explain the drainage pathway starting from the internal cerebral vein
paired internal cerebral veins to Great cerebral vein of Galen to straight sinus
87
the great cerebral vein is also called ?
great vein of Galen

Anatomy (35 decks)

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